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• 作者：阿翔 发布时间：2023-01-27 21:10:23

  啥B

• 作者：haolijun717 发布时间：2021-03-31 22:57:21

  泰姬陵于我来说太远了，以前只是偶尔看到它的图片和只言片语的介绍，从没有想过它背后的故事，也未曾领略过它是如此的美妙绝伦。没想到这样一本书可以把关于泰姬陵的一切展现在眼前，在感叹这一举世闻名的建筑竟是宏大奢华却又不失精致的同时，也见识到了一国之君对于所爱之人的永恒安顿。书里大量图片精美珍贵，让人对泰姬陵心生神往，我想有机会一定要去一次那里，带着这本书给预备好的相关知识，好好的实地欣赏一番这个建筑奇迹。

• 作者：比巴卜 发布时间：2023-06-04 15:55:08

  我确实挺菜，张卫平那本太厚了，当做补充看吧。马工程真的有前后矛盾之处，写的味同嚼蜡，但很适合备考，确实枯燥，看起来就像简答和论述的合集。23年6月4号下午3.54看完第一遍。

• 作者：挠挠 发布时间：2019-10-15 14:36:11

  2019394 人生智慧溢出！感谢德云社！

• 作者：申子午 发布时间：2015-06-19 23:52:45

  装帧、排版、有目录

• 作者：jackie3924 发布时间：2008-01-28 09:38:31

  头文字D的漫画那是一定要买的 8错全套我都有啦~~~~~~~嘻嘻！

• To be sensible Or To be sensitive

  作者：蒜子 发布时间：2013-11-10 13:29:42

  It is a truth universally acknowledged ,that anyone existing in the world will be caught in an ineluctable dilemma, where you hesitate in the face of sense and sensibility. Actually, whenever l meets such crossroads, l naturally think of Jane Austen, an outstanding writer of British, whose masterpieces partake of the aesthetic cross-currents ahead of her time. As she created Elinor and Marianne, she might have never regarded them prominent and imperishable. However, the characters of these two sisters have made a glorious impression on generations after generations; their ineffable mental world has become an inexhaustible resource to lead us from intersections.

  The story mainly concerns two sisters, Elinor and Marianne Dashwood. Along with their mother and younger sister Margaret, they are left impoverished after the death of their father, and the family is forced to move to a country cottage offered by a generous relative. Elinor privately forms an attachment to the gentle and courteous Edward Ferrars, unaware that he is already secretly engaged. After their move, Marianne meets Willoughby, a dashing young man who leads her into undisciplined behavior, so that she ignores the faithful but mature Colonel Brandon. The contrast between two sisters' characters is eventually resolved as both find out their Mr. Right and everlasting idyll.

  Elinor, the eldest daughter, whose advice is so effectual, possesses a strength of understanding, and coolness of judgment, which qualifies her, though only nineteen, to be very mature for her age. When her father died, she behaves really like a true woman, swallow tears inside, losing girlish temper, but carry on the burden of life and strive to rouse her mother to similar forbearance. Luckily she meets Edward, a sensible man with integrity and delicacy. But she still exerts her affection and stays imperturbable, though Marianne bursts forth with indignation:” Esteem him! Like him! Cold-hearted Elinor!” After their moving home, Marianne falls in love with Willoughby. Among all their surrounding acquaintance, Elinor is the only sightful person to impugn his integrity, and to doubt whether they have got engaged even when no one suspects it. After knowing Willoughby’s innermost ethos, she thinks it time and again, and overdoes comforting her pure sister. Subsequently life gives her another horrific pang — her admiring Edward has engaged secretly. It seems nothing can save her sinking heart now. Facing Lucy’s fake emotion, what should she do? Can she feel herself in danger of a hysterical fit or a swoon? Or can she insult Lucy because she is a fickle hypocrite who destroys her idyll? No, Elinor stays sensible. She forgives Lucy, Edward and anyone ever hurt her mind. Unlike Marianne, she never tells anyone about her broken heart, instead, she imparts great patience and elegance. No wonder she can’t hold herself back the moment she learns great changes from Edward, and burst into ceaseless tears of joy. After all, she is simply a woman, a sensible lady with sensitive emotion, a seraphic girl who appears strong but yearns for love and care inside.

  Marianne, sensitive and ill-concealed, can’t have any moderation. She is monstrously pretty, highbrow and ethereal: she is everything but prudent. As a girl of 17, she has potent enough sensibility to make sure “the more I know the world, the more I am convinced that I shall never see a man whom l can really love.” And many are the tears shed by her in her last adieus to their residence so much beloved. Ironically, after meeting Willoughby, she falls head over heels in love with him forthwith and they read, dance, even tour together. Such conduct makes them of course most exceedingly laughed at; but ridicule can not shame, and seems hardly to provoke them. With minutes ticking away, Marianne’s love affair grows torrid and incandescent but Willoughby’s is on the contrary. Having perceived him at a party, Marianne can’t help pronouncing his name in a tone of affection and instantly glinting her emotion in public. Being hurt by his inexcusable guilt, she is entirely lost in sobs but is so stubborn that she tries all means to make excuses for his inconstant affair. Eventually , poor Marianne , languid and low from the nature of her malady , and feeling herself universally ill , can no longer hope that tomorrow will find her recovered . Thanks to this putrid tendency, a sensitive Marianne sleeps forever, and lives a sensible female.

  Having finished reading the last word of Sense and Sensibility, I softly sigh in the darkness. After experiencing the narrow path zigzagging up the immutable love, both Elinor and Marianne find out Mr. Right whom they belong to. But which character should I choose? To be sensible or to be sensitive?

  I think Elinor ought to gain more understanding and sympathy. No matter in novel or in reality, Elinors actually suffer more burdens than Mariannes, as well as solitude. It’s impossible to read anything from their smooth appearance, thus we think their tough appearance means their tough spirits for granted. However, it turns out to be wrong when Elinor receives sudden proposing marriage from Edward and bursts into crying. At that time, Elinor is another Marianne, fragile and ingenuous. She badly needs love but never speaks it out. Perhaps it’s because she is the eldest sister in the family, she can’t count on any help from her sisters or mother. So when Marianne sheds for falling leaves, she has to pay attention to the cost of living. I always believe that under Elinor’s fortitude surface lives a beating heart. She only hides her passion for life and devotion to love, thus duty is the very thing she cares for. When hurt by love, she endures it alone, unlike Marianne yearning for everyone’s focus. When realized Lucy’s skullduggery, she still tolerates it for the sake of her Edward. Because of her sense, she has to sacrifice her passion and her unlimited girlhood.

  As for Marianne , she abhors all concealment where no real disgrace can attend unreserved ; and to aim at the restraint of sentiments which are not in themselves illaudable , appeared to her not merely an unnecessary effort , but a disgraceful subjection of reason to common-place and mistaken notions . In sacrificing general politeness to the enjoyment of undivided attention where her heart is engaged, and in slighting too easily the forms of worldly propriety, she displays a want of caution which Elinor can not approve. She , who has never much toleration for anything like impertinence , vulgarity , inferiority of parts , or even difference of taste from her spirits , to be pleased with the Miss Steeles . Such openness, such sincerity! Though substantially hating the dark side of morality, Marianne is condemned by such event and is nearly led to the grave. She innocently thinks she can live independently from the circumstance; actually she has been gradually changed by the circumstance. At the end of the story, Marianne submits to her sister’s sense as she firmly rejected initially, and accepts plain-featured Colonel Brandon. Does it mean she eventually grows up, or she is a victim of circumstance? Because of her sensibilities, she has to go through vicissitudes and abandon her romantic opinions towards life, and ultimately becomes intellectual, instead of falling a sacrifice to an irresistible passion as once fondly flattered herself with expecting.

  To be sensible or to be sensitive? The genius of Jane Austen lies in this thought-provoking ideology, one that reflects the wisdom of living. As Jane herself explained :”With strong affection it’s impossible , with calm ones it can have no merit “ , so no matter to be sensible or to be sensitive , we all have to sacrifice something . Maybe we will be forced to have a good head on your shoulders in this bitter process, maybe we will cultivate an air of sophistication, or maybe we lose our nature qualities to satisfy the society. But who knows? Probably our life should display a perfect fusion of sense and sensibility. That’s why I equally love Elinor and Marianne. They represent two sides of the personality, but both combine to a perfect morality. So it’s not necessary to argue whether sense is premier or not. I still remember a saying from William Butler Yeats:" In life courtesy and self-possession are the sensible impressions of the free mind, for both arise from never being swept away, whatever the emotion , into confusion or dullness?” Just like the novel undertoned, sense and sensibility are two sisters, they can’t live alone, but at most time, what we should do is more akin to empower our emotion than become emotionally involved.

  People at home and abroad always admire the way British behave. For example, when Princess Dianna met a car accident, Queen Elizabeth bravely held in her feelings and treated it calmly with dignity. To each individual, sense similarly plays the main role. Take a liberty to deliberate on how to adjust your impulsion instead of running in circles. Is what you do an engagement of your heart? Are you constantly reading and answering messages or checking on the latest stream of information? Are you always rushing through your schedule? Then be that vision. Value the sense. It’s a treasure and it’s available to us, always.

  In the end, by some freak of fate people extravagant or good-natured all have a happy ending. We don’t know whether the virtue will pay off while the wickedness will receive its revenge. However, it shows reality, that life is complicated full of unknown miseries. Jane Austen sets us a perfect balance between sense and sensibility, between moral duty and earthly pleasure, between obligation to the spirit and attention to the incredible beauty. As we think further and further , Margaret , the youngest sister in the family , has reached an age highly suitable for dancing and it’s not very ineligible for being supposed to have a lover . What a titanic choice will she make between sense and sensibility? Only your heart will tell.

• 谭旭东：如何理解并做好整本书阅读

  作者：王子毅 发布时间：2022-07-20 17:52:45

  

  

  整本书阅读缘何而起？我大致知道它有三个由来：

  一是在对统编版教材进行编辑之际，参与主编和选编的人在宣讲语文课程及教学时力推整本书阅读。

  除教材统一外,教育部有关部门也扮演了权威角色，力推阅读书目。由于教育部推荐了阅读书目，很多学校和教师认定语文教学要抓整本书阅读。

  二是绘本阅读的深入推广逐渐带动了童书阅读的推广，也使得中小学经典名著和各类新书的阅读推广日益受到家庭和社会的重视，各种力量从各自角度推动了整本书阅读。

  三是语文教学需要抓阅读和写作，但作文教学难度很大，一般的学校和语文教师都难以解决作文教学的难题，于是，阅读教学就成了语文教师钻研、努力的方向。

  而且，整本书阅读可以给语文教师提供一些抓手，这也符合家长的预期，容易得到家长的认可。

  也许正是这三个原因，使得整本书阅读成为个人阅读、学校课程和社会阅读推广的活动。

  

  目前，从全国范围来看，整本书阅读的推动情况呈现三个方面的特点:

  一是把整本书阅读课程化。

  不少中小学开设阅读课，并将整本书阅读作为最主要的形式和内容。

  二是将整本书阅读活动化，即把整本书阅读作为校园内重要的阅读活动，并推动校园整本书阅读和家庭整本书阅读的联动。

  这方面体现在学校教师开列整本书书单，让家长购买，而学生进行课外阅读，写读书笔记。

  三是把整本书阅读项目化。

  不少中小学把它与项目化学习结合起来，设计成教学研讨项目，这不但让学生做项目化阅读，也使教师通过开展整本书阅读和教研提升了自己的素养和语文教学能力。

  无疑，整本书阅读的开展有利于增强校园阅读氛围，也可以加强师生对阅读重要性的认识。

  

  但整本书阅读在推进过程中也存在一些明显的问题：

  第一，过度强化整本书阅读，而淡化语文课的建设。

  有不少学校和语文教师在抓整本书阅读时，由于缺乏对语文及语文课的清晰认识，出现了以整本书阅读替代语文课的趋势。其实，语文课不仅是阅读课，而且是整本书阅读课。不过，语文教师在讲解单篇课文时是和学生一起阅读一篇作品的。语文教师教了一个学期的语文课，就是和学生一起认真读懂一本课本。当然，语文教师进行某一个单元的授课，就相当于和学生一起做群文阅读，只不过这种群文阅读不是在一节课上完成的，而是经过几节课才完成的。因此，上语文课本身就是在进行群文阅读，在开展整本书阅读。认识到这一点，对语文教师来说是非常重要的，这样就可以避免使语文教师以为单篇课文的阅读和整本书阅读没有差异。实际上，单篇作品的分享性阅读就是语文课上最重要的内容。让学生能够读懂一首儿歌、小诗，一篇散文、童话和小说，是对语文教师最基本的教学要求，也是语文课最基本的教学内容。

  第二，以应试思维抓整本书阅读，使整本书阅读功利化。

  语文课的阅读和课外阅读是有区别的。语文课的阅读有知识习得的目标，还有读写结合的指向，但课外阅读是自由的阅读，是充分享有阅读权利的文字享受。虽然师生上完一个学期的语文课,就相当于教师和学生一起读了一本课本，但是对于经典名著和一些新书的阅读，学生主要是在课外进行的。因此，语文教师要把重点放在提高课内阅读，即语文课的有效性上，而学生课外的整本书阅读则需要语文教师和家长协同推动。当然，整本书阅读更不能变成应试训练，不能让学生每读完一本书，就进行知识测试。应试导向的阅读不但会损害学生对书籍的好感，还会使学生失去对语文的学习兴趣。

  第三，过分夸大整本书阅读的价值，而忽视读写能力培养的系统性。

  整本书阅读可以快速增加学生的阅读量，甚至对部分学生来说，也能快速提升他们的阅读理解能力。但过度地强调，甚至强化整本书阅读，可能会加重学生的学习负担。培养学生的阅读能力和写作能力是语文课最核心的教学目标。语文课本身可以实现读写结合，并培养学生从课内延伸到课外的阅读兴趣和能力。从某种程度上说，整本书阅读更适合课外阅读，而且更容易培养学生良好的阅读习惯。如果过分夸大整本书阅读的价值,那么很容易使得教师忽视培养学生的写作能力，并把课堂教学的热情转移到课外阅读指导上来。

  以上是我对整本书阅读的一些看法。整本书阅读本身是很有价值的，可以成为学校开展课外阅读的主要形式。我们也应倡导其成为家庭教育和学习的重要形式。只要不过分夸大整本书阅读的价值，也不过分以整本书阅读僭越语文课，我以为其推动都是值得肯定和提倡的。语文素养的提升有赖于整本书阅读，而整本书阅读对提高学生个人的耐心、毅力和整体性的把握力以及文本的深度理解力等，都具有不可忽视的作用。

  

  值得欣喜的是，有不少一线语文教师正在切实抓整本书阅读，而且探索了一些深度阅读的有效路径。

  周伟、冯银江两位高中名师领衔主编的《〈红楼梦〉整本书阅读教与学》就是个很好的成果，印证了当下国内多位高中语文教师在《红楼梦》这部经典的阅读教学方面所进行的探索。

  周伟老师在前言里也提到了《红楼梦》整本书阅读目前存在两个不良的样态:一是“应试阅读”，二是“专业阅读”。前文我也提到了“应试阅读”，这的确值得警惕。而周老师指摘“专业阅读”，我以为也是有道理的。一些专业人士对《红楼梦》，包括对《诗经》和唐诗宋词的解读，都存在明显的“过度解读”的问题，尤其是那种索引派的《红楼梦》解读，更让人难以信服。

  而从《〈红楼梦〉整本书阅读教与学》来看，周伟、冯银江等诸位老师以八个专题（也是八个视角），从二十五个小角度来阐释、解读《红楼梦》，无疑是非常有效的。这本书紧扣语文核心素养，以人文主题梳理出阅读《红楼梦》的“文脉”，每个母题精选相应的文本,文本之间有前后的勾连，既有主题阅读，又有群文阅读，既照应了《红楼梦》本身的“草蛇灰线”，又借鉴《史记》中前后文本“互见”的写法。这种编写方法和当下新教材的编排一脉相承，让整本书阅读在课堂教学中能落到实处。这种做法类似诗歌解读中常用的“散点透视“的方式，也容易让学生进入文本世界，从二十五个不同的视角走进红楼世界。可以这样说，这本书让整本书阅读能接到教学中的“地气”，让教学也有了具体的“抓手”。最值得欣赏的是，诸位老师的解读是开放式的、对话性的，带着明显的个性，也显示了其各自对文本的理解、质疑和批判。

  

  当然，以《红楼梦》整本书阅读为例，我觉得可以通过以下三个方式来推动：

  一是让学生在课外、周末和一些长假自由阅读，学生只要有空闲时间，就可以自由自在地徜徉在《红楼梦》的文字世界里，去感悟，去体验，去理解，去思考。

  这种自由的阅读是孤独的、安静的、无功利的，也容易把自己代入小说的情境里。

  二是在教师指导下的阅读。

  教师可以给学生提供一些阅读的提示，比如让学生关注小说里的人物关系，让学生关注小说里的情感，让学生关注小说里所呈现的“成长”，还可以让学生关注小说里的生活习俗和传统文化，甚至可以让学生关注小说里的物理空间……然后，再召开一个阅读分享会，让学生一起来分享阅读心得。

  三是批判性阅读专题课。

  批判性阅读专题课可以让学生从批判的立场去评说《红楼梦》，给小说里的人物指弊，给小说里的形象塑造艺术和主题表达指弊，等等。批判性阅读专题课很容易引发思考,激发共鸣，凸显学生的主体地位，张扬青年学生的个性，使他们真正追寻文本的意义和价值。

  我以为周伟、冯银江主编的《〈红楼梦〉整本书阅读教与学》给我们提供了后两种整本书的阅读启发。

  在新的高中语文课程标准发布之际，《〈红楼梦〉整本书阅读教与学》这部书的出版给一线语文教师提供了方法论的指导。最令人鼓舞的是，这部书的出版、发行和推广自然是一次召唤一一语文教育回到阅读的本体上来，让阅读回到以文字滋润心灵、提升精神的价值立场上来。为此，祝贺周伟、冯银江等诸位老师！

  谭旭东

  2022年5月15日于上海大学

  

  扫描下方二维码，立享优惠哦！