1421：The year CHINA DISCOVERED THE WORLD 下载 pdf 电子版 epub 免费 txt 2025

On 8 March 1421, the largest fleet the world had ever seen set sail from China. The ships, some nearly five hundred feet long, were under the command of Emperor Zhu Di’s loyal eunuch admirals. Their orders were ‘to proceed all the way to the end of the earth’.

The voyage would last for two years and by the time the fleet returned, China was beginning its long, self-imposed isolation from the world it had so recently embraced. And so the great ships were left to rot, and the records of their journey destroyed. And with them, the knowledge that the Chinese had circumnavigated the globe a century before Magellan, reached America seventy years before Columbus, and Australia three hundred and fifty years before Cook.

The result of fifteen years research, 1421 is Gavin Menzies’ enthralling account of this remarkable journey, of his discoveries and persuasive evidence to support them: ancient maps, precise navigational knowledge, astronomy, surviving accounts of Chinese explorers and later European navigators as well as the traces the fleet left behind – from sunken remains to votive offerings left by the Chinese sailors wherever they landed, giving thanks to Shao Lin, goddess of the sea.

Revised and updated with new material – including evidence of an entire Chinese fleet wrecked on New Zealand’s South Island – for this paperback edition, 1421 is a brilliant, epoch-making work of historical detection that radically alters our understanding of world exploration and rewrites history itself.

LIST OF MAPS AND DIAGRAMS

LISTT OF PLATES

CHINESE NOMENCLATURE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INTRODUCTION

Ⅰ Imperial China

1 THE EMPEROR'S GRAND PLAN

2 A THUNDERBOLT STRIKES

3 THE FLEETS SET SAIL

Ⅱ The Guilding Stars

1 ROUNDING THE CAPE

2 THE NEW WORLD

Ⅲ The Voyage of Hong Bao

6 VOYAGE TO ANTARCTICA AND AUSTRALIA

Ⅳ The Voyage of Zhou Man

7 AUSTRALIA

8 THE BARRIER REEF AND THE SPICE ISLANDS

9 THE FIRST COLONY IN THE AMERICAS

10 COLONIES IN CENTRAL AMERICA

ⅤThe Voyage of Zhou Wen

11 SATAN'S ISLAND

12 THE TREASURE FLEET RUNS AGROUND

13 SETTLEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA

14 EXPEDITION TO THE NORTH POLE

Ⅵ The Voyage of Yang Qing

15 SOLVING THE RIDDLE

Ⅶ Portugal Inherits the Crown

16 WHERE THE EARTH END

17 COLONIZING THE NEW WORLD

18 ON THE SHOULDERS OF GIANS

EPILOGUE:THE CHINEE LEGACY

POSTSCRIPT

APPENDICES

1 CHINESE CIRCUMANAVIGATION OF THE WORLD 1421-3:Synopsis of Evidence

2 THE DETERMINATION OF LONGITUDE

NOTES

INDEX

Gavin Menzies (Royal Navy Submarine Commanding Officer, retired) was born in 1937 in China, where he spent the first two years of his life. He joined the Royal Navy in 1953 and served in submarines from 1959 to 1970. As a junior officer he sailed the worl

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书籍介绍

On 8 March 1421, the largest fleet the world had ever seen set sail from China. The ships, some nearly five hundred feet long, were under the command of Emperor Zhu Di’s loyal eunuch admirals. Their mission was ‘to proceed all the way to the end of the earth to collect tribute from the barbarians beyond the seas’ and unite the world in Confucian harmony. Their journey would last for over two years and take them around the globe but by the time they returned home, China was beginning its long, self-imposed isolation from the world it had so recently embraced. And so the great ships were left to rot and the records of their journey were destroyed. And with them, the knowledge that the Chinese had circumnavigated the globe a century before Magellan, reached America seventy years before Columbus, and Australia three hundred and fifty years before Cook... The result of fifteen years research, 1421 is Gavin Menzies' enthralling account of the voyage of the Chinese fleet, the remarkable discoveries he made and the persuasive evidence to support them: ancient maps, precise navigational knowledge, astronomy and the surviving accounts of Chinese explorers and the later European navigators as well as the traces the fleet left behind - from sunken junks to the votive offerings left by the Chinese sailors wherever they landed, giving thanks to Shao Lin, goddess of the sea. Already hailed as a classic, this is the story of an extraordinary journey of discovery that not only radically alters our understanding of world exploration but also rewrites history itself.

• 作者：Warszawiacy 发布时间：2019-04-05 20:14:25

  这书的评价不正常地高

• 作者：大鳥 发布时间：2010-06-04 11:17:16

  It's just too long.

• 作者：K. 发布时间：2021-10-03 00:01:28

  V哥 荐

  20210914市民中心 最新版

  朋友，准备玩全世界最刺激的游戏并要成为专家时，我要给你这样忠告

  1不要怕，也不要悔

  2玩游戏之前，先搞清楚游戏的规则，面对人为操纵的赌局，一定要摸清对方的心理

  3小偷的本事不在偷，而在于危急的时候怎么逃(赢钱当然重要，能带走，更重要)

  本书要你做这些

  1掌握时机，知道何时入市，何时旁观；何时获利，何时止损。

  2资金管理，知道如何分散风险，何时多担风险，无论如何都要尽力保本，本钱没了，游戏就结束了

  3情绪控制。情绪控制在入市前很容易，一旦下注，情绪控制就难起来，一般股民是赚钱坐不住，亏钱走不，你会例外吗？该割肉时会迟疑吗？

  上士闻道，勤而行之

  值得仔细读至少两遍，并记笔记，认真写一篇书评，不然就糟蹋了这本好书

  220130又一遍

• 作者：kobe2424 发布时间：2015-02-24 20:18:43

  不错。

• 作者：许多多-ed 发布时间：2007-08-18 19:54:11

  to be proud of our ancesters!!

• 作者：nicy 发布时间：2013-11-30 21:31:29

  刚才看到九二君写的书评突然想起年少无知的时候一度以为这就是传说中大名鼎鼎的万历十五年的英文版……神秘的错觉。。。而且刚才试图找这本的时候记不清年份试了好多遍。

• 大胆的假设与小心的求证，还有一拍脑门的理所当然。

  作者：百丈怀海 发布时间：2013-03-27 21:49:42

  就我自己的看法来看，本书的作者所持有的证据是不足的。可是有多少人是一拍脑门，就觉得他的说法是不可能的呢？又有多少人是一拍脑门就说原来如此的呢？

  看我这篇评论的你也许不是，但是这种一拍脑门的人确实存在，而且还非常多。很多历史事实和历史真相，在我们知之甚少的时候，不妨大胆假设，然后我们去追寻资料、追寻遗迹，想尽各种办法求证，然后把我们的发现和我们的想法公之于众。

  这样的人是不应该遭到嘲笑的，也许孟席斯证明不了他的看法，但是他为了证明他的看法，而去求证。这就比那些一拍脑门的人强上千百倍了。

  我不相信孟席斯，因为他证据不足。但是我不能说他所说的历史是不存在的，他所描述的事情是不可能的。

  在我看来，探寻真相这件事本身比起为什么探寻真相的理由要重要的多了，而对于那些一拍脑门的人来说，他们只想知道他们想要的，从来不会想知道真相。放在本书来说，张嘴说不可能的人和那些深信不疑的人一样，犯了一拍脑门的毛病。

• 1421：中国发现世界

  作者：K-L-M 发布时间：2021-09-28 11:54:42