创新思维训练 下载 pdf 电子版 epub 免费 txt 2025

本书是“思维训练精品系列”丛书之一。21世纪是思维创新的新世纪，“创新”是近年出现频率最高的词汇之一，本书针对国人传统的思维方式，兼具理论性和实践性，给我们提供了一个简明易懂、操作性强的思维创新培训手册。作者为思维训练知名专家，曾举办创新思维训练讲座百余场，以其训练的实用性和系统性获得广泛好评。

第一章　走进创新思维时代

第二章　掌握创新思维原理

第三章　破除创新思维枷锁

第四章　扩展创新思维视角

第五章　激发创新思维潜能

第六章　运用创新思维技术

第七章　坚持创新思维训练

第八章　投身创新思维实践

结语

后记

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书籍介绍

本书是“思维训练精品系列”丛书之一。21世纪是思维创新的新世纪，“创新”是近年出现频率最高的词汇之一，本书针对国人传统的思维方式，兼具理论性和实践性，给我们提供了一个简明易懂、操作性强的思维创新培训手册。作者为思维训练知名专家，曾举办创新思维训练讲座百余场，以其训练的实用性和系统性获得广泛好评。

• 作者：芥末蘸酱 发布时间：2011-06-17 15:42:04

  过于喧嚣的孤独.

• 作者：Fade-Into-You 发布时间：2023-01-10 22:50:52

  前半部分还不错，抓重点且通俗

• 作者：Bill 发布时间：2007-07-20 16:31:49

  看到现在算是一套比较好的文学作品简写本 而且插图也非常漂亮

• 作者：烨沛 发布时间：2023-05-03 16:03:45

  简单了解超级制造的运行模式，无论如何都离不开管理运营和信息技术。

• 作者：心之pipo师 发布时间：2016-04-13 12:19:10

  老梁233

• 作者：窦丁 发布时间：2023-05-20 23:41:26

  从一坨牛粪开始想象……

• When ballistic missiles can see：比尔盖茨书评

  作者：Lena. 发布时间：2020-03-02 18:40:47

  When I was a kid, I read a lot of sci-fi books. One of the most common themes was “man vs. machine,” which often took the form of robots becoming self-aware and threatening humanity. This theme has also become a staple of Hollywood movies like

  The Terminator

  and

  The Matrix

  .

  Despite the prevalence of this theme, I don’t lose any sleep worrying about this scenario. But I do think we should spend more time thinking about the implications—positive and negative—of recent progress in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and machine vision. For example, militaries have begun to develop drones, ships, subs, tanks, munitions, and robotic troops with increasing levels of intelligence and autonomy.

  While this use of A.I. holds great promise for reducing civilian casualties and keeping more troops out of harm’s way, it also presents the possibility of unintended consequences if we’re not careful. Earlier this year, U.N. Secretary General António Guterres

  called global attention

  to these threats: “The weaponization of artificial intelligence is a growing concern. The prospect of weapons that can select and attack a target on their own raises multiple alarms…. The prospect of machines with the discretion and power to take human life is morally repugnant.”

  Unfortunately, my first attempt to educate myself on autonomous weapons was a bust. I read a book that was dry and felt really outdated. Then a few months ago I picked up

  Army of None: Autonomous Weapons and the Future of War

  , by Paul Scharre. It’s the book I had been waiting for. I can’t recommend it highly enough.

  Scharre is a great thinker who has both on-the-ground experience and a high-level view. He’s a former Army Ranger who served four tours of combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan. He then went onto a policy role at the U.S. Department of Defense and led the working group that drafted the government’s policy on autonomous weapons. He’s currently a policy expert at the Center for a New American Security, a center-left think tank in DC.

  He is also a good writer. Scharre writes clearly about a huge range of topics: computer science, military strategy, history, philosophy, psychology, and ethics. He gives you the right grounding to start participating in the debate over where our country should draw the line on these powerful technologies.

  Scharre makes clear from the beginning that he has no problem with some well-bounded military uses of autonomy. For example, he brings you along for a tour of the U.S. Navy’s Aegis Combat System, an advanced system for tracking and guiding missiles at sea. Aegis has a mode of operation in which human operators delegate all firing decisions to an advanced computer (but can override them if necessary). Why would you want to put a computer in charge? If you’re out at sea and an enemy fires 50 missiles at you all at once, you’d be very happy to have a system that can react much faster than a human could.

  “Autonomy has great benefits in environments where humans can’t survive.”

  Army of None

  also shows that autonomy has great benefits in environments where humans can’t survive (such as flight situations with high G forces) or in which communications have broken down. It can be enormously helpful to have an unmanned drone, tank, or sub that carries out a clear, limited mission with little communication back and forth with human controllers.

  In addition, autonomous weapons could potentially help save civilian lives. Scharre cites robotics experts who argue that “autonomous weapons … could be programmed to never break the laws of war…. They wouldn’t seek revenge. They wouldn’t get angry or scared. They would take emotion out of the equation. They could kill when necessary and then turn killing off in an instant.”

  Despite these and other advantages, Scharre does not want the military ever to turn over

  judgment

  to computers. To make his case, he offers compelling real-life cases in which human judgment was essential for preventing needless killing, such as his own experiences in Afghanistan. “A young girl of maybe five or six headed out of the village and up our way, two goats in trail. Ostensibly she was just herding goats, but she [was actually] spotting for Taliban fighters.” Scharre’s unit did not shoot. Yes, it would have been legal, but he argues that it would not have been morally right. A robotic sniper following strict algorithms might well have opened fire the second it detected a radio in her hand.

  Scharre ends the book by exploring the possibility of an international ban on fully autonomous weapons. He concludes that this kind of absolute ban is not likely to succeed. However, he holds out hope that enlightened self-interest could bring countries together to ban specific uses of autonomous weapons, such as those that target individual people. He also believes it’s feasible to establish non-binding rules of the road that could reduce the potential for autonomous systems to set each other off accidentally. He also believes we could update the international laws of war to embed a common principle for human involvement in lethal force.

  There are no easy answers here. But I agree with Scharre that we have to guard against becoming “seduced by the allure of machines—their speed, their seeming perfection, their cold precision.” And we should not leave it up to military planners or the people writing software to determine where to draw the proper lines. We need many experts and citizens across the globe to get involved in this important debate.

• 解放思想

  作者：bear 发布时间：2010-07-15 14:42:50