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留学

• 作者：佑棠 发布时间：2020-05-05 16:53:58

  重点看了欧洲留学的部分~真想出国看看啊，哪怕是上个语言班也好啊~

• 作者：Child1sh_ 发布时间：2023-05-12 00:24:59

  读的不是一个版本

  随手翻看的《考研vs留学全解析》，倒不是纠结到底考研还是留学，我肯定不会走我家人长辈的老路去考什么公务员

• 作者：Narcissus野鬼 发布时间：2018-05-16 13:28:52

  在一个朋友的鼓动下，在某university的学姐私信下，冒出去想去留学的念头，于是找了这本书看了看，我觉得我了解了不少，但是总觉得差什么，说不上来。可能新东方毕竟是培训机构，所以总觉得太商业吧

• 作者：番薯 发布时间：2021-12-19 21:15:40

  内容丰富，可作为工具书使用。

• 作者：away 发布时间：2021-02-28 11:10:39

  随手翻了翻。

• 作者：芣苢 发布时间：2017-01-28 22:27:00

  该书内容涵盖美国、英国等留学热门国家和地区，涉及中学、大学预科、大学本科、研究生等多个教育阶段，详细解答课程设置、学习生活、申请规划、就业移民等问题。信息很新且丰富，值得了解。

• 【转】黄珅：《天下郡国利病书》流传考

  作者：哲夫成城 发布时间：2022-10-05 22:11:14

  　　古今学士，如群星璀璨，不乏光耀千古者。但论百科全书式的学者，则屈指可数，而顾炎武无疑占一席之地。作为清学的开山之祖，无论在身前还是后世，顾炎武都以博极古今称誉于世。其弟子潘耒说：“当代文人才士甚多，然语学问，必敛袵推顾先生。凡制度典礼有不能明者，必质诸先生；坠文轶事有不知者，必征诸先生。先生手画口诵，探源竟委，人人各得其意去。天下无贤不肖，皆知先生为通儒也。”（《遂初堂集·文集》卷六《日知录序》）至清中叶，称顾炎武为通儒，已成学界公论。

  　　在顾炎武包罗万象的学养中，最为人称道者，一为音韵之学，一为地理之学。清初理学名臣李光地，曾向顾炎武求教音韵学，并作《顾宁人小传》，其中引同时卫既齐（号尔锡）之言，谓顾炎武于地理书用心尤多。《四库全书总目提要》认为：“盖地理之学，炎武素所长也。”（卷六十八·史部地理类《历代帝王宅京记》）直至晚清，张之洞所纂《光绪顺天府志》依然说顾炎武“博极群书，最明于地理之学”（卷一百二十二·艺文志一）。而在顾炎武的地学著作中，公认成就最大的便是《天下郡国利病书》和《肇域志》。

  　　尽管顾炎武俨然为学界祭酒，但在身后很长一段时间內，其某些著作一直被清廷列为禁书。故宫博物院文献馆所藏清代文字狱档，及姚觐元所著《清代禁毁书目四种》中，都有和顾炎武著作相关的记载。《利病书》原是一部未经整理的稿本，况且其中还有不少触犯时忌的内容，故有清一代，见过原稿的人甚少，有关的评述更不多见。

  　　崇祯十二年（1639），顾炎武应乡试再次落第，从此无意仕进，退而读书，开始编纂《天下郡国利病书》。其自序云：“崇祯己卯，秋闱被摈，退而读书。感四国之多虞，耻经生之寡术，于是历览二十一史以及天下郡县志书、一代名公文集及章奏、文册之类，有得即录，共成四十余帙，一为舆地之记，一为利病之书。”康熙元年（1662），顾炎武自京师抵山西曲阳，谒恒岳，至井陉。是年七月，《天下郡国利病书》完稿。历时二十三年。

  　　不过从现存的原稿看，有些材料显然是在康熙元年以后补入的。在原稿第三十二册《云贵交趾》中，连载“康熙四年五月，平西王吴三桂奏水西已平，拟将陇胯、的都、朵你、阿架四则溪设为一府”、“（康熙）六年三月，改乌撒土府为威宁府，又于云南设开化府”、“（康熙）十年十二月，贵州巡抚曹申吉奏龙里一卫，旧设贵阳府厅官一员，分理民事，后裁厅归府，而驿递全责卫官，今宜改卫为县”等史实。可见原稿的修订，在康熙十年以后仍在进行。

  　　在原稿《云贵交趾·总舆图说》中，有这样两句话：“至于明而符竹始分，迨我朝而规制乃备。”相对于前“明”字，下“我朝”应指清朝。此《总舆图说》应为清人所作；而云“规制乃备”，则应该在康熙二十年（1681）平定吴三桂祖孙兵变之后，此时距顾炎武辞世仅一年时间。这篇《总舆图说》和诗人田雯《黔书·创建》中的文字相近，后收入《贵州通志》，而田雯在康熙二十七年三月，由江南调任贵州巡抚（王先谦《东华录》“康熙四十一”），因此，《图说》也可能是在顾炎武身后增补的。

  　　据顾炎武嗣子衍生说，顾炎武去世后，遗稿被其外甥徐乾学兄弟取走，带往京城。直至徐氏兄弟被劾夺职还籍，才有一部分遗书回归顾氏。徐氏兄弟均以力学成名，跻身达官显宦，徐乾学好收藏典籍，所筑传是楼，藏书享誉天下。但其所编《传是楼书目》，却未收《天下郡国利病书》。不清楚《利病书》是否也交还顾氏，可知的是后来徐氏家道中落，其藏书也无法再传子孙，而《利病书》则归吴中藏书家王闻远（莲泾）所有。

  　　王闻远是清初思想家唐甄的女婿，曾刻印唐甄《潜书》四卷，见识不凡。其《金石契言》，叙心交七十七人，皆奇人逸士，其中前辈心交即有顾炎武的挚友朱彝尊。《利病书》由他收藏，可谓得其所哉！王闻远藏书颇富，有《孝慈堂书目》传世。但今观古堂刊本《孝慈堂书目》，在方舆郡邑、川渎、名山、名胜，乃至文献诸目中，均无《天下郡国利病书》。

  　　乾隆五十四年（1789），张秋塘带着《天下郡国利病书》原稿去见藏书家黄丕烈，“云是书是传是楼旧物，后归顾归王，此乃得自王莲泾家。盖莲泾素藏书，而健庵系亭林之甥，其为原稿无疑。即有残阙，安知非即亭林序所云乱后多有散佚者乎？重询是书，已归蒋春皋处，余方悔前此之不即归之也。阅岁，至壬子秋，有五柳居书友携是书来，余且惊且喜……遂以白镪数十金易之。”（《四部丛刊》三编本，黄丕烈《天下郡国利病书跋》）这样，离开传是楼的《利病书》原稿，经过孝慈堂，又转入江南另一座著名的藏书楼士礼居。

  　　王氏藏书，不少后归黄丕烈。“余所收王莲泾家书最多，皆得于其族孙处，犹是家藏未散本也。就中有《孝慈堂书目》，分门编类，叙次颇详。以之求莲泾所藏，虽久散之本，按其册数之多寡，纸色之黄白，几如析符之复合。可知书籍贵有源流也。”（黄丕烈《士礼居藏书题跋续录》，叶昌炽《藏诗纪事诗》卷四引）可见两家交往甚为密切。但从黄丕烈《天下郡国利病书跋》及《士礼居藏书题跋记》中关于《利病书》的记载看，王闻远后人不曾对他谈起《利病书》原稿。故张秋塘携带的《天下郡国利病书》原稿，可能早已从王氏流出。

  　　士礼居的藏书，维持时间比传是楼更短，未及黄丕烈去世，已经散出殆尽，其书多归苏州富豪汪士钟的艺芸书舍。黄丕烈身前曾为此感慨不已。道光五年（1825）七月七日，已经垂暮的他作《宋廛所藏唐女郎鱼玄机诗》，成七绝八首，其八自注：“予家百宋一廛中物，按图索骏，几为一空。惟此以予所钟爱，得以守之勿失。此宋廛百一之珍也，子孙其世守之，勿为豪家所夺。”（江标《黄荛圃先生年谱》卷下）

  　　汪士钟父汪文琛开益美布号，赀产富饶。“孝廉（黄丕烈）歾，其书为汪观察士钟稛载而去，虽易主，未尝散也。汪氏又得青浦王氏所谓千金帖者，故阮文达公赠联云：‘万卷图书皆善本，一楼金石是精摹。’盖实录也。观察多子，身后兄弟瓜分，家亦落，其书始散。”（《同治苏州府志》卷一百四十九杂记六）据曾朴《孽海花》说：“荛翁（黄丕烈）的遗书后来都归汪氏，汪氏中落，又流落出来，于是经史都归了常熟瞿氏铁琴铜剑楼，子集都归了聊城杨氏海源阁。”（第十一回“潘尚书提倡公羊学学士狂胪老鞑文”）《孽海花》虽为小说，但曾朴出自常熟书香之家，此言不虚。

  　　瞿镛所编《铁琴铜剑楼藏书目录》，没有关于《利病书》的记录。也未见任何材料，提及《利病书》流入汪氏和瞿氏、杨氏。据嘉庆八年（1803）平江徐撷芸跋云：“此书向未付梓，流传于前者悉皆抄本，余无从购觅，心窃志之。壬戌之秋，锡山杨南池表兄过访，道及同邑虞君锡纶家藏此书原本，间亦借人抄录。”（国家图书馆所藏清乌丝栏抄本《天下郡国利病书》）据此，《利病书》原稿，可能在黄丕烈身前，早已流出。

  　　现已不清楚其间《利病书》究竟经过多少转折，落入何人之手。据诗人莫友芝说，同治六年（1867）九月，他客居苏州，有人想出售兴化某氏家藏《天下郡国利病书》原稿，书末有黄丕烈跋（《宋元旧本书经眼录》卷三）。遗憾的是，莫友芝没有写明某氏的真实姓名。光绪三十二年（1906）八月十五日，叶昌炽在苏州时，赴同年吴讷士昆仲之约，看到吴氏收藏的《利病书》初稿（《缘督庐日记抄》卷十二）。吴讷士为晚清名臣吴大澂之侄。据此，《利病书》似乎并未离开苏州。

  　　宣统元年（1909），《利病书》返回故土昆山。据当事人王颂文说：“光绪之季，方君惟一（还）与颂文见此书于郡城吴君讷士书斋，相与惊奇，以为幸遇。越年，亭林崇祀孔庙，惟一复谒讷士，述乡人意，欲乞得此书，以纪念亭林。吴君慨然许诺，乃奉书归藏亭林祠。及图书馆成，遂移庋其中。”（《四部丛刊》三编本《天下郡国利病书跋》）

  　　1933年，昆山县县长彭百川、图书馆馆长王颂文、教育局局长潘鸣凤合议决定将《利病书》原稿交上海商务印书馆影印，列《四部丛刊》三编中。这也是商务印书馆（涵芬楼）第一次用影印原稿的形式出书，可见张元济等人对此书的重视和珍惜。现华东师大古籍研究所整理、上海古籍出版社出版的《顾炎武全集》，其中《天下郡国利病书》，即以《四部丛刊》三编本为底本，这也是迄今第一部校点本。

  (来源：古籍新书报　2012年03月)

• Why We Get Up in the Morning

  作者：linj 发布时间：2018-08-16 17:42:17

  I just finished reading the book “My Morning Routine”. It was suggested by a WeChat channel I follow and the topic certainly sounds like one I’d be interested in. It’s a collection of interviews about the morning routines of some successful people. You shouldn’t expect too much - I didn’t, but it can be inspirational, to a limited extent. Unfortunately I’m a very slow reader, thus it doesn’t seem worth my long reading time.

  I decided to write something about the book while in the middle of the read. At first, I was thinking about a summary. But then I was captured by this idea of why people get up in the morning, at all. What brings us to rise every day and to sleep every night. I realized it’s not the morning routine that’s important, but the day you are going to spend. If you want to achieve something during the day, naturally gradually you develop habits around it to help you do that. Whatever the something is and whatever the habits are.

  Back to the book:

  - Most of the interviewees don’t have a 9 to 5 job as most people do. Their morning routines are surely informative but can be unrelatable as well. Better focus on the takeaways.

  - The content is highly repetitive. It turns out there are only so many flavors for the morning routine.

  Building blocks of the morning routine (almost inevitably you must get up early):

  - Read a book: a real, honest-to-God book as the first interviewee in the book put it, often non-fiction and/or non-work related

  - Workout

  - Home: yoga, body weight training (push up, plank, stretch)

  - Out: run, walk (with partner, with dog, or alone)

  - Gym

  - Swimming

  - Meditate

  - Drink, eat

  - Check news, social media, emails

  Copy, or move, your morning routine to night and it becomes your night routine, if you prefer that.

  To make your falling asleep and carrying out morning routine easier, follow these

  tips

  before bed:

  - Make a list of to-dos and get them out of mind.

  - Lay out the clothes you are to wear for the next day; if you workout in the morning, lay out the sportswear too.

  - Leave your phone alone.

  A key idea worth noting is to reduce

  decision fatigue

  . Laying out clothes beforehand, having simple, even same breakfast and so on all help maintain your limited willpower for your main focus.

  Other dos and don’ts:

  - Don’t snooze. The reason is straightforward, but you do what you please.

  - Don’t dive into your phone first thing you wake up.

  - Making bed is a good practice to mark the start of your morning.

  This is a brief look into what is going on in the book and about the morning routine. Details are lost. If you are interested, go read the book. But like so many books out there, it has chapters that are variations of the same theme over and over again. Put it down wherever you start to get bored and you wouldn’t miss much.

  What seems more interesting to me,

  rather than morning routines, is what these successful people do, for a living. They are founder and CEOs of this and that; they are writer, artist, designer, photographer, musician; president, professor, general, athlete. You can be successful in many ways, but it almost always involves a business of your own, may it be a company, a website, a community to run or a writing project, a concert tour. In fact, it's not even about the business. It’s about the time. You are the boss of your time. Now you’ve got the whole day in your hand to plan. You must self-impose a structure to it. And if you push more, not necessarily more tasks but certainly more efficiency, into your day, hopefully you achieve more. That’s why morning routine is helpful to these successful people. Nevertheless, you don’t have to be a freelancer or a founder of anything to own your time. If you like your 9 to 5 job and willingly put your time in it, that’s good enough.

  Unfortunately not everyone can say they like their job. Accept it or change it, easier said than done. So every weekday morning they sleep to the last minute to catch the bus and return home physically and emotionally drained, incapable of doing anything but lying down and watching TV shows. Weekends are for more sleeping, more lying in bed with phones. After all, what’s the point of preparing yourself for a job, or a life actually, you don’t care about or even hate? In the worst case, as anyone who has experienced depression can testify, the first big challenge of the day is to get up. Why bother?

  Why do people get up in the morning at all?

  Isn’t it because we believe good things will happen and we are here to make them happen. We get up because we want to achieve something and there indeed is something for us to achieve. If you are in a bad position right now, accept it or change it - eventually you will do either. I say try changing it. And morning routine, or night routine if you wish, is a great start point to take control of life. It can be one thing you look forward to for the coming new day. It can be the small step you take to better yourself for the challenges in life.

  I had my best morning routine while I was out of a job. Unsurprising. That’s when I had all my time at my disposal. I got up early, had a small bowl of oatmeal, workout for an hour, took a shower and then ate a full breakfast. It’s kind of for nothing, because I wasn’t doing anything during the day except reading constantly. But it’s the morning routine that injected discipline into those days. That, and to eat and sleep regularly. Together they guarded the bottom line so one day didn’t get mixed with the other to be a long vague period of time and I felt refreshed most of the days.

  Now with a job, I keep my morning simple. It’s a 20 minute walk from home to office. And I move workout to night. Sometimes I miss it, and I don’t punish myself for that. I’ll try again tomorrow. What’s more important is to hold on to the habit and keep the rhythm going. Finally, as you can tell, I still read.

  Here is my one takeaway from the book. With or without a certain routine, better be proactive in life. The sun rises. Get out of bed. Make moves. We’ll see where it goes.