外国教育史基础精讲( 货号:756209934) 下载 pdf 电子版 epub 免费 txt 2025

基本信息

商品名称： 外国教育史基础精讲

出版社： 中国政法大学出版社

出版时间：2021-04-01

作者：丹丹老师

译者：

开本： 16开

定价： 76.80

页数：340

印次： 1

ISBN号：9787562099345

商品类型：图书

版次： 1 内容提要

本书是对《外国教育史教程》吴式颖、李明德版教材进行的归纳和解读，以及课后习题的答案分析。由于大学教材几乎全是文字的罗列与阐述，对于学生学习来说，会存在读不懂、学不明白的情况，尤其这本教材也是考研B用教材。教育学专业课很多都是背诵，但是背诵的前提是理解知识点，教材并没有能帮助学生更好的理解知识点，为此我们出版了教材全解系列图书。该系列图书对教材的知识点进行精炼总结，同时对于每个考点都会补充有趣的例子、画图或者拓展性的背景，帮助学生快速理解每一个知识点的意义，才能更好的梳理知识点框架，更好的应对期末考试以及考研专业课的复习。

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书籍介绍

本书根据教育学考研大纲和参考教材《外国教育史教程》编写。凡所有大纲要求考察的、教材中含有的知识点，本书和教材一一对应；大纲要求掌握而教材中没有的知识点，本书做了了对应补充；大纲不要求考察、而教材中含有的知识点，本书做了删减。 本书知识点表述通俗易懂，辅以白话式的举例、小技巧、小说明、小故事、小思考等对知识点进行解释，帮助学生理解记忆教材考点。 此外，本书采用“康奈尔笔记”的形式将内容分为左右两栏。左边一栏源于教材，是对教材知识的归纳、总结，适用于考试要求。右边一栏中对知识点做了补充说明，考生亦可以在这一栏中写下自己的学习心得和所想所感。同时，“基础精讲”系列每章前都有“单元整体分析”“单元内容要点”模块，帮助大家从整体上把握每章的重要程度和重点知识。“牛刀小试”是根据知识点精心编写的模拟题，供考生练习，以帮助考生更好地掌握每章节的内容。

• 作者：周小獣 发布时间：2023-10-26 13:00:16

  朋友送我的，说是美食宝典。我严重怀疑他一次都没有翻阅过此书，这种东西也能叫书？我甚至觉得我它都不具备出版的资格！

• 作者：汐汐 发布时间：2020-06-29 11:18:12

  配套绘本很多，但是很难都买。家庭阅读指导意义不算大。

• 作者：タルト 发布时间：2022-02-09 17:38:52

  难以置信一些文章出自一个二十出头的青年之手，伟人不愧是伟人啊！

• 作者：疯 发布时间：2021-08-27 12:35:37

  看的我都想拿铁锹到山上挖两下

• 作者：小宇宙 发布时间：2021-02-12 23:10:25

  语调沉稳，语言精炼，形象生动，创新深度，节奏停顿，要有同理心同情心，找到群众情感触动点。

• 作者：银海 发布时间：2019-12-16 08:40:02

  我敢说什么吗？

• 《妞妞》--一个哲学家父亲的手记

  作者：秋叶 发布时间：2010-12-04 16:28:42

• Reading summary about Cambridge Quintet: machines that can think

  作者：ShawnLeeZX 发布时间：2013-08-12 16:04:56

  Yesterday, I read a book called Cambridge Quintet: machines that can think

  　　

  　　For all the years, at least from the time I was in college. I am fascinated with concept of AI, which stands for Artificial Intelligence. I watched all the movies I knew and all the books I found that related to it. Not long ago, just about less one year, I started to really delve into the real research of this field. From what I have learnt, the field of AI is really broken into pieces. In my spare time, which is very few, I learnt some superfacial knowledge about natural language processing, how to solve problem by searching, which is to some extent about logic, and finally machine learning. I tried to bring those different, broken pieces into one whole integrated one. That is, I am, trying to get a big picture of the research field of AI.

  　　

  　　However, there seems a long way to go. Also, not long ago, not more than a month, I started to read the most famous textbook in this field -- Artificial Intelligence, A Modern Approach, which in the past I thought it is too thick to read thoughtly, thus I found lots of other books in this field, which is thinner. I want to list them for whatever reasons:

  　　

  　　* Artificial Intelligence - A Guide to Intelligent Systems

  　　* Artificial Intelligence - A Modern Approach (3e)

  　　* Artificial Intelligence A New Synthesis

  　　* Artificial.Intelligence.Illuminated

  　　* Artificial Intelligence, Introduction (Springer 2011)

  　　

  　　I read some parts of those books from time to time. And with some help got from some specific books exclusively about problem solving, natural language processing, and courses about machine learning, and especially the book writting by a Chinese researcher -- The Beauty of Mathematics, at the time I finally started to read the very thick book, I found, though I did not know all the academical detail, which is a lot, I seemed to know what the author want to talk about in different parts. To be honest, I indeed feels some kinds of accomplishment.

  　　

  　　Thus, I quickly read the introduction part and the summary part. In the introduction part, I got a concept of agent, which I think is already in my mind, but not that clear. In the summary part, I got somewhat similar big picture that I was trying to construct -- mainly it is hsitory events, what progress have scientists reached, where the constraints are.

  　　

  　　However, though I got some kind of big picture, I still have no idea what should I start with. Right now, I am in a lab where the main focus is using machine learning technique to recognize human face, which I have almost done nothing to get a insight into it. Maybe this could be a good start point? Who knows.

  　　

  　　Now, leave the question above. Finally return to the book I really want to talk about.

  　　

  　　Artificial Intelligence field is really a very hard field, in my opinion, there are linguistists, biologists, phylosiphier, mathematicians, and finally computer scientists in it -- it's really a inter-disciplinary subject. After all the tries to get the big picture, I asked myself days ago: what is needed to construct a intellectual being?

  　　

  　　And without clear aid(It is sure that the thought in the history has influenced me by osmosis), I seems to come to similar question, if not answers, to the point made in the Cambridge Quintet: machines that can think.

  　　

  　　This is my attempt to summarize the book with my understanding:

  　　

  　　In the book, the discussion begins with the question, can consciousness be made?

  　　

  　　To begin with, the discussion goes into the knowledge human knows about brain, which is mainly known as neural networks. This knowledge gives scientists the inspiration to develop a subfield of machine learning call neural networks, which simulates the mechanism of human neural networks. However, the mysteries of human brain still seems infinite. In the book Aritifical Intelligence - A Modern Approach, the author states that the understanding in Neuroscience could give hint to profound progress in AI.

  　　

  　　Based on the neural networks of human brain, Turing believes that the thoughts of human being is nothing more than the electrons exchange between neural cells, which builds the overall enormorous system of human mind. However, how could such hypotheis explains the meaning in the word of human life. For example, how could the word "sole", which is the conbination of s-o-l-e, have meaning? How the meaning is represented?

  　　

  　　In the book, an abstract answer may like this: if every part of a object who has meaning is treated individually, there exists no meaning. But if they are viewed as a whole, the meaning appears. A more concrete example is China Room Argument.

  　　

  　　Up to now, the discussion only focus on individual being, saying one human. However, humans live as a whole society. And intelligence could not be realised if there is only one. When society develops, language, gestures and other things which only have meaning under certain context, have been invented to convey thought with others. Some, which discussed in the precious part of the book, only makes sense under society context. Good examples have been made in the book.

  　　

  　　In my opinion, intelligence may consist of inborn capability and experience, which to some extent stands the ability to learn. We humans have the basic mechanism to survive and the learning mechanism to acquire more knowledge. To build intelligence, the two must be understood thoroughly.

  　　

  　　After taking into account the influence of the phycical basis of human, the essence of meaning and the role of context, the book comes to the uniqueness of humans. The only thing I could make sense is this part tries to answer whether physical exstence determines the uniqueness of one person?

  　　

  　　Finally, a section is exclusively made for the role of society played in intelligence.

  　　

  　　To sum up, in the book, the author may try to discuss the following points, and appended with my belief, not proof: consciousness is physical; in the evolution process, humans have been hard wired the ability to survive, and the capability to learn, which I would like to call self programming. And the latter one significantly relates to interaction, which means society, culture, language and so on.

  　　

  　　One last word: after writting down all those words, it seems my understanding of artificial intelligence becomes clearer.

  source:

  http://hhiker.github.io/blog/2013/03/10/reading-summary-of-the-cambriage-quintet/