中医学专业知识 2021版医疗卫生系统公开招聘工作人员考试核心考点 下载 pdf 电子版 epub 免费 txt 2025

本书结合医疗卫生系统考试中医学科目的特点，构架起以理论、诊断、中药、方剂、针灸、各科病症治疗六个模块有机结合的庞大知识体系，是一本专门针对医疗卫生系统公开招聘工作人员考试的教材。本教材条理清晰，结构严谨，从 基本、 重要的考点出发，深入浅出地向考生讲解各个知识点，使考生对知识点有足够透彻的印象和理解。

部分 中医基础理论

真题自测

测评分析

考点一概述

考点二精气、阴阳、五行

考点三藏象

考点四精气血津液

考点五经络

考点六病因与发病

考点七病机

考点八防治原则

第二部分 中医诊断学

真题自测

测评分析

考点一概述

考点二问诊

考点三望诊

考点四舌诊

考点五闻诊

考点六脉诊

考点七按诊

考点八八纲辨证

考点九病性辨证

考点十脏腑辨证

第三部分 中药学

真题自测

测评分析

考点一中药的起源和中药学的发展

考点二中药的性能

考点三中药的配伍

考点四中药的用药禁忌

考点五中药的剂量与用法

考点六解表药

考点七清热药

考点八泻下药

考点九祛风湿药

考点十化湿药

考点十一利水渗湿药

考点十二温里药

考点十三理气药

考点十四消食药

考点十五止血药

考点十六活血化瘀药

考点十七化痰止咳平喘药

考点十八安神药

考点十九平肝息风药

考点二十补虚药

考点二十一收涩药

第四部分 方剂学

真题自测

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• 作者：烤翅 发布时间：2016-08-21 18:58:14

  很血性，很感动那一句：为什么中国的领土要插上中国的国旗那么难。。。看的江清波的第二本书，本来很担心会和上一本像，但庆幸看到了新意，比如中医知识融合在情节中，故事开篇的公安侦查内容等。遗憾的是结局时候没有圆开头埋下的线，所以虽然喜欢也要扣一颗心

• 作者：冬至 发布时间：2020-02-08 11:11:53

  是看过的科普作品中写得最好的一本了，作者真是博学多识，文采斐然，在诸多章节中都能从相对熟悉的生活场景或知识中，唤起在天文学层面上的诗意和陌生化的神秘，慢慢读来实在享受。

• 作者：世界边缘的爱 发布时间：2019-09-21 19:56:08

  汉光武帝确是中兴之主，一身品行能力出众，德才兼备，知人善任，相比于很多靠权术势而发迹成功的英雄人物确有其过人之处，继而开创百年东汉基业，但同时其有些治国理念制度也为后期东汉埋下乱根…

• 作者：且听风吟 发布时间：2023-10-24 17:14:26

  官场的确可怕，一个县级就这么卷，认知到了自己的不足，被扔进去估计撑不了三集

• 作者：Sisyphus 发布时间：2012-10-31 14:22:32

  不太实用

• 作者：八月 发布时间：2015-01-30 11:10:16

  介绍了一些非常有效的方法，简明易懂，值得一读

• 做人做事的普遍原则

  作者：Hammer_ 发布时间：2012-02-03 18:21:57

  Before we commence reading How To Win Friends And Influence People, we should first realize that this book had been written to be used to as textbook for the author's course in Effective speaking and Human relationship and it still used for today.

  So please not categorize this book as Self-help or Motivational book which often be degraded by those who unceasingly declaim how badly they hate this sort of things.

  Dealing with people is probably the biggest problem we face, especially if you are in business. Those principles can apply to all walks of people.

  If you wish to get the most out of this book, there is one indispensable requirement, one essential infinitely more important than any rule or technique. Unless you have this one fundamental requisite, a thousand rules on how to study will avail little.

  What is this magic requirement? Just this: a deep, driving desire to learn, a vigorous determination to increase your ability to deal with people.

  Once you believe,that works.

  “Education,” said the author “is the ability to meet life’s situations,”

  If by the time you have finished reading the first three chapters of this book- if you aren’t then a little better equipped to meet life’s situations, then I shall consider this book to be a total failure so far as you are concerned. For “the great aim of education,” said the author, “is not knowledge but action.”

  And this is an action book :)

  ----------------------------------

  readingnote:

  第一大章：怎样赢得朋友

  原则一：永远不要去批评别人

  很精辟，我们应该转换方式，让他们自己发现，或者用一种温和，婉转的方式，反之就算是中肯的批评也是有害无利

  1.ninety-nine times out of a hundred, people don’t criticize themselves for anything, no matter how wrong it may be.

  2.Criticism is futile because it puts a person on the defensive and usually makes him strive to justify himself. Criticism is dangerous, because it wounds a person’s precious pride, hurts his sense of importance, and arouses resentment

    

  3.Let’s realize that the person we are going to correct and condemn will probably justify himself or herself, and condemn us in return or, like the gentle Taft, will say: “I don’t see how I could have done any differently from what I have.

  4.每当我们想要批评别人的时候，想想这句话：“I don’t see how I could have done any differently from what I have”Judge not, that ye be not judged

  5.最真诚的忠告------勿责人，常思已过：Do you know someone you would like to change and regulate and improve? Good! That is fine. I am all in favor of it, But why not begin on yourself? From a purely selfish standpoint, that is a lot more profitable than trying to improve others - yes, and a lot less dangerous. “Don’t complain about the snow on your neighbor’s roof,” said Confucius, “when your own doorstep is unclean.”

  6.每个人都是感性的动物：When dealing with people, let us remember we are not dealing with creatures of logic. We are dealing with creatures of emotion, creatures bristling with prejudices and motivated by pride and vanity.

  7.我们应该做的：Instead of condemning people, let’s try to understand them. Let’s try to figure out why they do what they do. That’s a lot more profitable and intriguing than criticism and it breeds sympathy, tolerance and kindness. “To know all is to forgive all.”

  ------------------------------

  原则二 如何与人打交道---Give honest and sincere appreciation

  1、（有道理！）There is only one way under high heaven to get anybody to do anything. Did you ever stop to think of that? Yes, just one way. And that is by making the other person want to do it. Remember, there is no other way.

  2.每个人都得到赞扬啊：The deepest principle in human nature is the craving to be appreciated.The desire for a feeling of importance is one of the chief distinguishing differences between mankind and the animals

  3. 赞扬和奉承的区别：The difference between appreciation and flattery? That is simple. One is sincere and the other insincere. One comes from the heart out,the other from the teeth out. One is unselfish,the other selfish. One is universally admired, the other universally condemned.

  4.多点发自内心的感激，别吝啬对我们爱的人的赞扬：When we are not engaged in thinking about some definite problem, we usually spend about 95 percent of our time thinking about ourselves. Now, if we stop thinking about ourselves for a while and begin to think of the other person’s good points, we won’t have to resort to flattery so cheap and false that it can be spotted almost before it is out of the mouth

  5. 真的是这样呢：Let’s cease thinking of our accomplishments, our wants. Let’s try to figure out the other person’s good points. Then forget flattery. Give honest, sincere appreciation. Be “hearty in your approbation and lavish in your praise,” and people will cherish your words and treasure them and repeat them over a lifetime -repeat them years after you have forgotten them

  ------------------------------------------

  原则三. 去谈论人家感兴趣的事----Arouse in the other person an eager want

  1.少谈自己，谈大家的兴趣和利益所在：So the only way cm earth to influence other people is to talk about what they want and show them how to get it. Remember that tomorrow when you are trying to get somebody to do something. If, for example, you don’t want your children to smoke, don’t preach at them, and don’t talk about what you want? but show them that cigarettes may keep them from making the basketball team or winning the hundred-yard dash.（销售的人应该学学，学会从他人的角度看问题）

  2.If out of reading this book you get just one thing- an increased tendency to think always in terms of other people’s point of view, and see things from their angle - if you get that one thing out of this book, it may easily prove to be one of the building blocks of your career.

  3、我们的目的不是为了操纵人，而是实现双赢：Looking at the other person’s point of view and arousing in him an eager want for something is not to be construed as manipulating that person so that he will do something that is only for your benefit and his detriment

  ----------------------------------

  第二大章：怎样让人喜欢你

  原则一：Become genuinely interested in other people--对他人感兴趣

  1.If we want to make friends, let’s put ourselves out to do things for other people -things that require time, energy, unselfishness and thoughtfulness

  2.If we want to make friends, let’s greet people with animation and enthusiasm. When somebody calls you on the telephone use the same psychology

  -------------------

  原则二：经常微笑

  1.Actions speak louder than words, and a smile says, “I like you, You make me happy. I am glad to see you.”That is why dogs make such a hit. They are so glad to see us that they almost jump out of their skins. So, naturally, we are glad to see them. A baby’s smile has the same effect

  2.A man without a smiling face must not open a shop.”Your smile is a messenger of your good will. Your smile brightens the lives of all who see it. To someone who has seen a dozen people frown, scowl or turn their faces away, your smile is like the sun breaking through the clouds. Especially when that someone is under pressure from his bosses, his customers, his teachers or parents or children, a smile can help him realize that all is not hopeless -that there is joy in the world.

  --------------------------------

  原则三：记住别人的名字

  Remember that a person’s name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language

  ----------------------

  原则四： 做一个好的听众，让别人去谈论自己（Be a good listener. Encourage others to talk about themselves）

  So if you aspire to be a good conversationalist, be an attentive listener. To be interesting, be interested. Ask questions that other persons will enjoy answering. Encourage them to talk about themselves and their accomplishments.

  Remember that the people you are talking to are a hundred times more interested in themselves and their wants and problems than they are in you and your problems. A person’s toothache means more to that person than a famine in China which kills a million people. A boil on one’s neck interests one more than forty earthquakes in Africa. Think of that the next time you start a conversation

  ---------------------

  原则五：谈别人感兴趣的事（Talk in terms of the other person’s interests. ）

  -----------------------

  原则六：承认对方的优点和对自己的重要性（Make the other person feel important-and do it sincerely）

  The unvarnished truth is that almost all the people you meet feel themselves superior to you in some way, and a sure way to their hearts is to let them realize in some subtle way that you recognize their importance, and recognize it sincerely. Remember what Emerson said: “Every man I meet is my superior in some way. In that, I learn of him.

  -------------------------------

  第三大章：How to Win People to Your Way of Thinking

  原则一：避免和人辩论，因为你永远不会赢---这个，偶觉得还是方式的问题，不过还是尽量避免好了，因为没啥意义啊！：）The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it

  You can’t win an argument. You can’t because if you lose it, you lose it,and if you win it, you lose it. Why?Well, suppose you triumph over the other man and shoot This argument full of holes and prove that he is non compos mentis.Then what? You will feel fine. But what about him? You have made him feel inferior. You have hurt his pride. He will resent your triumph. And A man convinced against his will Is of the same opinion still

  If you argue and rankle and contradict, you may achieve a victory sometimes, but it will be an empty victory because you will never get your opponent’s good wil

  -----------------

  独立一段，关于怎样应对argument的建议：

  一 不同的见解是有益的：Welcome the disagreement. Remember the slogan, “When two partners always agree, one of them is not necessary.” If there is some point you haven’t thought about, be thankful if it is brought to your attention. Perhaps this disagreement is your opportunity to be corrected before you make a serious mistake.

  二：(别相信你的第一直觉印象--适用于异见）Distrust your first instinctive impression. Our first natural reaction in a disagreeable situation is to be defensive. Be careful. Keep calm and watch out for your first reaction. It may be you at your worst, not your best

  三（控制你的脾气）Control your temper. Remember, you can measure the size of a person by what makes him or her angry. Listen first. Give your opponents a chance to talk. Let them finish. Do not resist, defend or debate. This only raises barriers. Try to build bridges of understanding. Don’t build higher barriers of misunderstanding.

  四：求同存异：Look for areas of agreement. When you have heard your opponents out, dwell first on the points and areas on which

  you agree.

  五：诚实： Be honest, Look for areas where you can admit error and say so. Apologize for your mistakes. It will help disarm your

  opponents and reduce defensiveness.

  六：Promise to think over your opponents’ ideas and study them carefully. And mean it. Your opponents may be right. It is a lot easier at this stage to agree to think about their points than to move rapidly ahead and find yourself in a position where your opponents can say: “We tried to tell you, but you wouldn’t listen.”

  七：感谢你的对手：Thank your opponents sincerely for their interest. Anyone who takes the time to disagree with you is interested in the same things you are. Think of them as people who really want to help you, and you may turn your opponents into friends.

  八：给点时间给对方（很重要，很多时候回头看，会觉得当时狠傻，没必要为这问题吵，也从另一方面得出，和人去争论什么，真的没啥意义）Postpone action to give both sides time to think through the problem

  ---------------------------

  原则二：别告诉别人自己比他们要高明

  这段狠有哲理，别证明自己比其他人聪明，就算知道，也别告诉他

  That is a challenge. It arouses opposition and makes the listener want to battle with you before you even start. It is difficult, under even the most benign conditions, to change people’s minds. So why make it harder? Why handicap yourself? If you are going to prove anything, don’t let anybody know it. Do it so subtly, so adroitly, that no one will feel that you are doing it.

  This was expressed succinctly by Alexander Pope: Men must be taught as if you taught them not And things unknown proposed as things forgot.

  Over three hundred years ago Galileo said: You cannot teach a man anything? you can only help him to find it within himself.

  As Lord Chesterfield said to his son: Be wiser than other people if you can? but do not tell them so.

  （勇于承认错误是最对的）You will never get into trouble by admitting that you may be wrong. That will stop all argument and inspire your opponent to be just as fair and open and broad-minded as you are. It will make him want to admit that he, too, may be wrong

  ------------

  原则三：勇于认错

  When we are right, let’s try to win people gently and tactfully to our way of thinking, and when we are wrong and that will be surprisingly often, if we are honest with ourselves - let’s admit our mistakes quickly and with enthusiasm. Not only will that technique produce astonishing results? but, believe it or not, it is a lot more

  fun, under the circumstances, than trying to defend oneself.

  Remember the old proverb: "By fighting you never get enough, but by yielding you get more than you expected.”

  ----------------

  原则四：以友好的方式开始 Begin in a friendly way.

  --------------

  原则五： Get the other person saying “yes, yes”

  ------------------------

  原则六：Let the other person do a great deal of the talking.

  （这里和上面有点重复了，其实这里有很多原则是共通的）

  ----------------

  原则七：Let the other person feel that the idea is his or hers

  卡内基是个中国通，他引用了好多中国古代的谚语和道德经的东西：

  " The reason why rivers and seas receive the homage of a hundred mountain streams is that they keep below them. Thus they are able to reign over all the mountain streams. So the sage, wishing to be above men, put himself below them, wishing to be before them, he put himself behind them. Thus, though his place be above men, they do not feel his weight,though his place be before them, they do not count it an injury.”

  海纳百川，有容乃大

  ------------------------------

  如果仅仅把这书当做是快餐书，励志书，成功学，

  真的很可惜，

  这书流传这么久真有它的道理，一些自以为是的“读书人”可能不屑看这类书，替他们遗憾。

  一本值得反复看的经典之作，最重要是去实践上述的原则，

  要记住：“This is an action book.”

  2012.2.3

  By Hammer

• 推荐序——余英时

  作者：甜点派送 发布时间：2018-11-16 09:58:58

  本书通论中国人的精神生活，既精到，又生动。作者强调他所采用的是“普通民众的角度”，其实并不尽然。本书所呈现出来的精神生活相当全面，上起文化精英，下至普通民众，无不包含在内。诚然，过去哲学家论中国文化精神多从精英观点发挥，以致不易为普通民众所理解，如冯友兰“贞元六书”或唐君毅《中国文化之精神价值》即其显例。今许先生新著特别推广到普通民众，自是一别开生面之创举，因而也构成本书一大特色。但细读本书各章，作者揭示中国精神生活各方面，不但遍引儒、释、道经典以及古典文学等为论证的出发点，而且也往往先作哲学讨论然后归宿于民间的一般认识。所以“普通民众的角度”云云，只能看作一种谦词。

  本书最重要的贡献可以概括为以下三项：

  一、宏观与微观交互为用

  作者将中国人的精神生活看作一种多元互动的秩序，因此从不同层面和角度分别观察它的表现。但作者并未循流忘源：局部的微观不但没有使他轻忽整体的宏观，反而更凸显出整体与局部之间以及各局部之间的内在联系与互动。所以我称之为宏观与微观的交互为用。若用中国传统的概念表达之，即是既致广大又尽精微。

  二、雅俗共赏

  前面讲精英观点与庶民观点的兼收并蓄，已涉及雅俗共赏的范围，但仍须作进一步的阐释。现代西方学人论西方文化的雅俗之别（他们的名词是“大传统”相对于“小传统”，或“精英文化”相对于“平民文化”）往往重视二者之间的歧异以至冲突。但在中国思想传统中，雅俗之间的互相印证却比分歧更受重视。所以明、清之际的刘献廷特别强调六经和民间占卜祭祀以至戏曲小说等活动是相通的。这似乎也是本书作者的基本立场，贯穿于全书各章。最使我惊异的是：刘氏曾指出，“世之小人未有不信占卜祀鬼神者，此性天中之《易》与《礼》也”。而本书第五章论宇宙变化，从《易经》开讲，步步延伸到民俗的各个方面，简直便可以视为刘氏此语的全面展开。

  三、古今一贯

  最后更应指出，作者为史学家，其揭示中国精神生活的种种特色，取舍之间始终考虑到时间的因素，尤其注意到自古及今的一贯性。他的论证往往上起最新考古发掘的创获，继之以经史文本的记载与后世传述，最后归结到他自己的亲见亲闻。所以本书所呈现的文化精神是今天仍可证验的真实存有，而不是无生命的纸上虚构。作者记述亲见亲闻的文化现象，取舍之间也同样有分寸，以印证古今一贯的真实性。所以他详记早年在无锡和少年到中年在台湾的许多见闻（如第三、第七、第八各章），但他对于短期居住甚至偶尔旅游所过的海外华人社群也省察入微，不过着墨不多，以示谨慎，如香港新界的“义门”（第九章）和马来西亚马六甲的“祭祖”（第六章）便是显例。

  总而言之，许先生好学深思，遍涉人文—社会诸学科。写此书时，他将广博的知识加以融会贯通，而纳入一种由深思熟虑得来的分析系统之中。不但如此，他也广泛参考了现代学人的相关论著，除书中一再提及的冯友兰、费孝通之外，其他流行的看法也往往见于讨论之中。所以本书并非一人闭门造车，而是遍检众说、去芜存菁的结晶。本书所揭示的种种文化特色，我相信绝大多数的读者都不会发生认同的困难。但作者的终极判断却非从折衷他人之见而来，而是建立在上述三重论证之上，这是本书超越前人之所在。

  作为一部学术专著，本书体现了现代客观研究的极致。但作者用心尚有更深于此者。他认定西方文化所主导的现代文明，由于“人与人之间的疏离，人与自然之间的分割”，今天已深陷危机之中；而中国文化则以人为主体，人与自然也融合互依。因此他希望中国文化的特色能发生他山之石的功用，以“匡救现代文明的困难”。本书的《后言：中国文化的新生》便有力地表达了一位当代仁者悲天悯人的呼声。

  顾炎武曾说：“君子之为学，以明道也，以救世也。”这恰恰是一部“明道”之作，同时又是一部“救世”之作，我郑重地推荐它给读者。