意识的起源 世界图书出版有限公司北京分公司 下载 pdf 电子版 epub 免费 txt 2025

《意识的起源》以世界神话为题材，揭示了个体意识作为一个整体，是如何经历与人类意识相同的原型发展阶段的。埃利希·诺伊曼(Erich Neumann)是荣格拥有创造力的学生之一，也是分析心理学的有名实践者。在这本影响深远的书中，诺伊曼展示了意识的发展阶段。本书是普林斯顿的经典著作。它以不断进化的自我意识为主角，以荣格式的语言为特色，生动呈现了人类意识的起源与发展。

第一部分 意识进化的神话阶段

第一章 创世神话

乌罗波洛斯

大母神

世界父母的分离：对立原则

第二章 英雄神话

英雄的诞生

杀母

弑父

第三章 变形神话

俘虏和宝藏

变形，奥西里斯

第二部分 人格发展的心理阶段

第四章 原初的统一

中心化倾向和自我的形成

第五章 系统的分化

中心化倾向及分化

第六章 意识的平衡和危机

分离系统的补偿：平衡中的文化

第七章 中心化倾向和人生各阶段

儿童期的延长和意识的分化

附录一 群体与杰出个体

附录二 大众和再集体化现象

埃利希·诺伊曼(Erich Neumann，1905-1960)，荣格学派分析师，曾任以色列分析心理学家协会主席。国内有名心理学家申荷永称赞其为荣格学生中拥有原创性的学者之一，是荣格精神的继承者。其《大母神：原型分析》和《深度心理学与新道德》都已被翻译成中文。若想充分了解荣格的“原型”和“原型意象”，诺依曼的书是推荐阅读书。

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鸿蒙初辟，对立尚未形成，这个时期应被理解为意识尚未降生的那个伟大时代的自我描述。这就是中国哲学中的无极，它的象征是一个空心的圆圈。一切都处于永恒存有的“当下和永远”状态；太阳、月亮、星星，这些象征着时间和必死性的符号，都还没有被创造出来；白昼和黑夜、昨天和明天、创生和腐烂、生命的流动、生和死，还没有进入这个世界。存有的史前状态没有时间，它是永恒的，正如人类诞生之前，在出生和繁殖之前，时间也是永恒的。

分析心理学的基础是情结理论。这一理论指出了无意识的情结本质，把情结定义为“无意识心灵的活跃部分”。它同样指出了自我的情结本质，因为自我作为意识的中心，在心灵系统中构成了主要情结。

We must emphasize that our exposition of myth is not based on any specialized branch of science, whether archaeology, comparative religion, or theology, but simply and solely on the practical work of the psychotherapist, whose concern is the psychic background of modern man. The connection between his psychology and the deeper layers of humanity still alive in him is therefore the real starting point and subject of this work.

On the one hand, the early history of the collective is determined by inner primordial images whose projections appear outside as powerful factors-gods, spirits, or demons-which become objects of worship. On the other hand, man's collective symbols also appear in the individual, and the psychic development, or misdevelopment, of each individual is governed by the same primordial images which determine man's collective history.

The womb of the earth clamors for fertilization, and blood sacrifice and corpses are the food she likes best. This is the terrible aspect, the deadly side of the earth's character. In the earliest fertility cults, the gory fragments of the sacrificial victim were handed round as precious gifts and offered up to the earth, in order to make her fruitful. These human sacrifices for fertility occur all the world over quite independently of one another, in the rites of America and in the Eastern Mediterranean, in Asia and in northern Europe. Everywhere blood plays a leading part in fertility ritual and human sacrifice. The Great terrestrial law that there can be no life without death was early understood, and still earlier represented in ritual, to mean that a strengthening of life can only be ...

The sacerdotal sacrifice of hair is likewise a symbol of emasculation, just as, conversely, a rich growth of hair is taken to be a sign of enhanced virility. The sacrifice of men's hair is an ancient mark of priesthood.

书籍介绍

《意识的起源》以世界神话为题材，揭示了个体意识作为一个整体，是如何经历与人类意识相同的原型发展阶段的。

在这本书中，诺伊曼扩充和细化了荣格的原型理论，他以世界神话为基底，勾画了人类意识的发展阶段。

阅读这本书，仿佛历史在你眼前一页页翻过，阿尼玛、阿尼姆斯、自我、自性、原型、情结等被生动地串联起来，那些前人经由意识创造的神话，逼真地诉说着人类意识的起源和发展。

作者埃利希•诺伊曼是荣格亲传弟子，也是分析心理学的著名实践者。在这本影响深远的书中，诺伊曼以不断进化的自我意识为主角，以荣格式的语言为特色，生动呈现了人类意识的起源与发展。

• 作者：Vicking 发布时间：2022-09-24 07:25:24

  过于神话，无助于理论框架构建，未必不是好书，只是不适合我

• 作者：弥思绿 发布时间：2023-04-17 14:48:23

  值得六星！

• 作者：Vernalio 发布时间：2024-03-21 09:14:46

  荣格心理学是炼金术、神秘学在现代的“借尸还魂”吗？通过赋予神话和原始文化以本体论的地位，荣格的主张似乎比弗洛伊德的科学化倾向更为极端。它视图以幻想的形式，把“我从哪里来”这个终极哲学之问建立在无限的神话文本之中。

• 作者：后浪 发布时间：2023-04-25 09:39:34

  在梦中，大导演费里尼重游罗马，他回顾从漫画家成长为导演的历程，回顾与爱人、朋友的相遇，回顾当时那个热闹的电影圈……

• 作者：原创 发布时间：2021-12-27 10:03:09

  云里雾里

• 作者：烤年糕超好吃！ 发布时间：2022-10-26 08:26:38

  只能说很有早期精神分析的风格（）

• 尽管少数人不喜欢，这本书依然作为一个总体的开门介绍阐述人类从无意识中摆脱了出来，朝着意识层面去进化

  作者：深夜猫咪心理 发布时间：2021-04-13 16:36:51

  top1 Amazon review,only 1 star,whatever it's a great book !

  摘抄亚马逊排名第一的评论，尽管少数人不喜欢，这本书依然作为一个总体的开门介绍阐述了人类从无意识中摆脱了出来，意识层面去进化。这为人的无意识的历史研究提高了很重要的依据，哲学心理学了解无意识领域研究必备。

  After 150 pages of this it was clear to me, as Robert Cialdini, influence expert, often notes, we are prone to revere experts and people with distinguished titles. I greatly suspect that, like myself, many of you reading this book in the last one or two years are doing so because of the laudatory recommendation of Jordan Peterson.

  (You may also be reading this book because it promises to summarize the gigantic canon of Jung.)

  Well, that it might, but is there any more worth to reading this? really I must say: no, no more than that.

  Here is really big problem. Are you fascinated with what ancient people thought? Or, are you seeking insight and knowledge into the way of our own lives now in this modern time?

  If you want to know how the world was conceived of across myriad cultures in the pre-historic and pre-scientific eras then by all means read this book with pleasure, go read all of Jung’s books, and then I suppose you might also go read Petersen’s torturously meandering Maps of Meaning , and you might as well go and read the pre-Cambrian Mind and all of Joseph Campbell’s stuff too. Go ahead, enjoy.

  The point is there’s an ocean of mythological content that can keep you busy trying to grasp the underlying structure of your own consciousness until you die of old age. But really, is this valid, scientific, verifiable information that defines how we as human beings evolve on top of our underlying subconscious structures? Or, is it rather a compendium of all the fanciful notions which prescientific man used to account for the phenomenon of life? Do you have an uroborus (self devouring serpent) lying deep inside your soul (alongside your Bruce Springsteen archetype, your love of Jerry Seinfeld, and the anguish of your Mom’s pushy insistence you do your homework ...do you?)

  Personally I do not need to know what the Sumerians, The Vikings, the ancient Hebrews, Or for that matter all the other obscure dead cultural groups and societies mentioned in by hyper-intellectual communities of European 19th century believed and thought. I’m not impressed with their alienating use of vocabulary we no longer need.

  It is really similar to listening to hours upon hours of classical music. It may well be beautiful or inspiring if that’s your thing but it’s of no more validity musically then today’s blues jazz rock or other more contemporary ways of expressing truth in art. For this reason I consider this book an excessive indulgence which only a academic professional could ever enjoy. There is nothing of assured relevance to you in this book. Hooey.

  Gaining a strong grasp of human deep psychology is indeed a worthwhile endeavor, one must gain insight into one’s own character, emotional structures, obsessions,fears, blockages, and inner drives. However, there are psychological texts available now which will take you directly to these topics in a much more effective and efficient way.

  Even the simplest books on transactional analysis, such as “I’m OK you’re OK”, will give you a far better handle to hold onto in working out issues of how you came to be who you are, why you are still the way you are, and what you can do about the things you may be struggling with. Of course there are many many other examples, I’m just bringing up one among many.

  Arthur Schopenhauer, in my opinion the greatest of all philosophers because he was able to validate everything he said, despised Hegel, for the reason that everything Hegel said was purely Imaginative and frivolous without resting his points upon any logical structure or systematic proof. We might even be able to say that Arthur Schopenhauer met the Fennyman Test, which is that if you can’t explain what you’re talking about in clear and simple language you don’t know what your talking about. Schopenhauer was able to do this.

  Writers on the topic of myth, collective unconscious, and so forth are not able to do this. There is no convincing proof that such a thing as a collective unconscious even exists. We can say that people feel similar things because we all share similar vulnerabilities, but the symbols in which we we experience these are not necessarily common, at all.

  Symbols and universals is indeed a compelling and even beautiful notion, and perhaps has some grain of truth to it, but if you read it as though you were reading a Truth about the underlying structure of human consciousness is to be a mislead or awed by intellectual superheroes. I’m not willing to give myself over to the influence of these people.

  So again. Read this if you like metaphorical psychodrama. But do not get confused into thinking that this is a valid deconstruction of the deepest eternal truths about us.

  Metaphor is art. Science is not metaphorical. If only Freud hadnt harpooned himself on sexuality....he would have been the greatest psychologist ever, unfortunately he got stuck on this and lost the forrest through the trees, I suppose a problem of the times he lived in..

• （转）意识与无意识的起源

  作者：林欢ING 发布时间：2021-10-14 23:46:21

  意识与无意识的起源

  李翼

  我很认真的看过荣格的那本《自我与无意识》，不能说很了解，但至少知道一些概念。特别是与弗洛伊德的不同观点，荣格认为无意识是独立自主的系统，而且还分为个人无意识与集体无意识……

  而分析心理学中有一个经常出现的关键词，是乌罗波洛斯，简单点说，就是衔尾蛇。它既代表无限大与循环，在炼金术中是挥发性物质的代表，炼金术士们还把它当成魔术之王来崇拜。而荣格则认为，衔尾蛇其实反映了人类心理的原型。

  《意识的起源》一书的作者埃利希·诺依曼则表示衔尾蛇是“前自我”阶段（Pre-ego）“混沌状态”（Dawn State）的实际象征，描述出不管是成年人还是幼童都存在着的童蒙阶段。

  

  诺伊曼是以色列分析心理学的主要开创者，而荣格也为《意识的起源》写了序，也提到了乌罗波洛斯，并指出作者在这一基础上，成功构建了一个独特的意识进化历史，而神化则是意识进化的现象学。

  而我看了这书后，认为诺伊曼其实就是以神话为载体，将老师荣格的分析心理学，特别是集体无意识这一概念，进行了“普及”。神话本身，由于历史年代，文化背景，不断沿袭演化等因素，可能是解释集体无意识最好的载体。

  此书一共分为两部分，即意识进化的神话阶段，和人格发展的心理阶段，前者涉及到创世神话，英雄神话，以及变形神话……

  其实西方对于古代神话中的英雄情节已经有过很多的分析与阐述，比如约瑟夫·坎贝尔的《千面英雄》，对于西方流行文化中的英雄形象与内心影响颇为深远。

  

  而诺伊曼在“英雄神话”一章中，用了两节的内容，具体讲了杀母与弑父。而且特别提到了龙战，还指出龙战的主要元素有三：英雄，龙和宝藏。诺伊曼还提到了荣格与弗洛伊德之间在这一点上的重大分歧，也相当于就是他师父与师公的不同观点。

  弗洛伊德的弑父理论，当然是以乱伦为基础的，而荣格在这个敏感的问题上，有两个结论：一是英雄的战斗，不是跟父亲争夺母亲，而是与母亲之间的战斗，第二个结论是说英雄的“乱伦”是一种再生性的乱伦，战胜母亲 ，会带来重生。乱伦带来的人格变化是造就英雄的唯一方式，也就是说，英雄代表了更高级，更完美的人类。

  “徒孙”诺伊曼认为现代研究建基于荣格的发现，试图分析出龙战的类型与不同阶段，既不让这一理论太过与性相牵扯，也不至于只是一种象征的升华。