图书馆文献信息检索与信息资源建设研究 下载 pdf 电子版 epub 免费 txt 2025

全书共七章。第一章为绪论，主要包括认识图书馆、图书馆的文献需求、图书馆的发展趋势。第二章为图书馆文献信息检索的理论，主要包括文献信息检索的界定、图书馆文献信息检索的语言、图书馆文献信息检索的工具、图书馆文献信息检索的技术、图书馆文献信息检索的步骤。第三章为图书馆文献信息资源的采集，主要包括图书馆纸质文献信息资源的采集、图书馆数字文献信息资源的采集、图书馆网络文献信息资源的采集。第四章为图书馆科技文献资源的检索，主要包括专利文献资源检索、标准文献资源检索、科技期刊资源检索、科技报告资源检索、会议文献资源检索。第五章为图书馆社科文献资源的检索，主要包括古籍文献检索，近现代文献检索，报刊资料检索，词语、文句、人物等检索。第六章为图书馆文献信息资源的建设，主要包括图书馆文献信息资源建设的现状、图书馆文献信息资源建设的内容、图书馆文献信息资源建设的原则、图书馆文献信息资源建设的策略。第七章为图书馆文献信息资源的评价，主要包括信息资源建设评价概述、图书馆文献信息资源评价的标准和作用、图书馆文献信息资源评价的方法、图书馆文献信息资源建设评价指标体系构建。

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书籍介绍

全书共七章。第一章为绪论，主要包括认识图书馆、图书馆的文献需求、图书馆的发展趋势。第二章为图书馆文献信息检索的理论，主要包括文献信息检索的界定、图书馆文献信息检索的语言、图书馆文献信息检索的工具、图书馆文献信息检索的技术、图书馆文献信息检索的步骤。第三章为图书馆文献信息资源的采集，主要包括图书馆纸质文献信息资源的采集、图书馆数字文献信息资源的采集、图书馆网络文献信息资源的采集。第四章为图书馆科技文献资源的检索，主要包括专利文献资源检索、标准文献资源检索、科技期刊资源检索、科技报告资源检索、会议文献资源检索。第五章为图书馆社科文献资源的检索，主要包括古籍文献检索，近现代文献检索，报刊资料检索，词语、文句、人物等检索。第六章为图书馆文献信息资源的建设，主要包括图书馆文献信息资源建设的现状、图书馆文献信息资源建设的内容、图书馆文献信息资源建设的原则、图书馆文献信息资源建设的策略。第七章为图书馆文献信息资源的评价，主要包括信息资源建设评价概述、图书馆文献信息资源评价的标准和作用、图书馆文献信息资源评价的方法、图书馆文献信息资源建设评价指标体系构建。

• 作者：夏花花 发布时间：2014-01-10 21:41:24

  累觉不爱

• 作者：xLD黑恶躁x 发布时间：2017-08-12 10:50:39

  积累经验，冷静思考，且一定相信自己的耳朵。

• 作者：清风 发布时间：2022-07-10 08:39:46

  废物至极。信息量过于少，价钱过于贵。至于所谓新媒体，大概是跟web3一样赛博精神病吧。

• 作者：四夕青 发布时间：2023-06-04 13:04:24

  太过刻板化了

• 作者：bird 发布时间：2014-12-05 18:13:58

  彻底腻烦。

• 作者：尼古拉斯狗蛋 发布时间：2020-04-20 08:43:07

  内子让我少吃寒食散

  说会死

• 天才和疯子，没有界定

  作者：gen627 发布时间：2011-07-07 14:15:26

  这是一本书的名字

  应该是08、09年时候很流行的一本书

  所以我也大概是在那个时候下下来装在手机里面的

  （其实我这种下电子书放在手机里面，对于讲究版权的作者们，明明是不可取的做法，而且我也越来越觉得真的还是实体书看起来比较有感觉）

  我想之前我是应该被书名（标题党）所吸引吧

  前几天 我花了好几天时间读了大概一大半这本书

  这本书的原作者大概是一位心理师或者是关于研究精神病人doctor吧

  她（貌似作者应该是位女性）花了很长的时间去跟她的病人做交流

  首先这个交流是平等的 她没有在开始的时候就把他们当做人类中的异类

  而是很耐心的用他们的方式走入他们的世界

  然后记录下来谈话的内容

  剖析这些所谓病人的内心这样的一本书

  所以这本书大概是有很多个（没有读完，还不知道有多少个）对话故事组成

  每个故事背后 其实都有很多的故事

   

  在以前我一直认为天才和疯子之间有一条明显的分割线

  我很强烈的想知道，这一条分割线到底是怎么界定的呢？

  其实慢慢的我发现 疯子和天才之间的界定

  并不是来自于物质世界里面真正存在的线或者界面

  而是取决于界定的人

   

  来反观我们所称为天才的那些人

  无非是在有限的时间（通常是极短）内做了我们都可以都明白、可以理解的事情

  或者做事的人可以通过自己浅显的表达让各位看客明白 这位天才在极短的时间内做了什么

  所以你看 我们称那些五岁就会读报纸的人为天才

  我们称那些年纪轻轻上少年班的孩子为天才

  我们称那些我们平凡人需要十年完成的事情 而那些天才只需要十天做完的个体们为天才

  而疯子呢？

  我们总是认为那些做了我们大部分不理解的事情的人为疯子

  其实疯子很多时候（书上说）是知道所谓的正常人（大部分人）认为他们是疯子的

  只不过他们要么不乐于去表达，要么不屑于和这一帮平凡人去解释的，更有一类疯子们的表达是你们听不懂的（其实爱因斯坦就是这类人）

  （当我打下这段话的时候，我不知道我去到了哪个灵魂附体。。。）

   

  “镇馆之宝”是一位类似于爱因斯坦的天才

  他可以去到时间的尽头

  他可以知道如何去解释四维的世界 还可以知道如何让四维世界中第四唯（时间维度）停止

  他认为如果一个唐朝人很努力的到了我们这个国度，学习了我们发达的科技知识，然后再回到唐朝，那就如同现代人类去到了1000年后再回到现在的人类世界，所以是你们这些肤浅的现代人不能理解的吧

  他这样把深奥的相对论和电子离子原子论描述了之后，连我都相信他具备这样的“异能”（但是他说他不是有特异功能，而是他的认识到了一般人不到的认识高度了）

   

  （其实我后来上豆瓣发现这个书好像是分成几大部分的，每个专章都有一个主题，有的讲儿童教育的，有的讲读物的，但是因为我下的txt文件，那些分割大概被一些无聊的广告替代了）

  很有趣的是还有一个曾经被人称作五岁可以读报纸的天才，而长大了变得自闭的漂亮小女孩

  作者用了七个月才走入了她的心灵

  女孩才答应像阿拉丁神灯一样回答三个问题

  最后一个问题是她为什么总带着一副黑框眼镜

  女孩的回答是她可以看到每天的色彩

  如果当天的色彩是蓝色的，那代表那天将会有幸运的事情发生

  如果当天是粉色的，那代表有不好的事情发生，所以她不喜欢粉色

  而她最不喜欢的颜色是红色，因为她奶奶去世的时候，她看到了红色

  而这个世界 也只有她奶奶相信她可以看到每天的不同的颜色

  当她带上了黑框眼镜之后 她便可以看不到这个神奇的颜色了

  这是一件多么有趣和神奇的事情啊

  我相信这一切都是真的

   

  还有一只神奇的小女孩

  可以将所有的人都看成一种动物

  只用类似像我们画素描时眯着眼镜看就可以了

  更加神奇的是 她看成的这种动物可以非常准确的抓住被看人的外貌特征或是性格特征

  你看 你说她是疯子还是天才呢？！

   

  其实天才和疯子没有明显的界限对不对

  重要的是

  我们可以心无芥蒂的去看这个世界

  我们可以坦然的去面对这个世界

  我们可以毫无保留的去接受这个世界

  我们可以不要随随便便的妄想去改变这个世界

• 做人做事的普遍原则

  作者：Hammer_ 发布时间：2012-02-03 18:21:57

  Before we commence reading How To Win Friends And Influence People, we should first realize that this book had been written to be used to as textbook for the author's course in Effective speaking and Human relationship and it still used for today.

  So please not categorize this book as Self-help or Motivational book which often be degraded by those who unceasingly declaim how badly they hate this sort of things.

  Dealing with people is probably the biggest problem we face, especially if you are in business. Those principles can apply to all walks of people.

  If you wish to get the most out of this book, there is one indispensable requirement, one essential infinitely more important than any rule or technique. Unless you have this one fundamental requisite, a thousand rules on how to study will avail little.

  What is this magic requirement? Just this: a deep, driving desire to learn, a vigorous determination to increase your ability to deal with people.

  Once you believe,that works.

  “Education,” said the author “is the ability to meet life’s situations,”

  If by the time you have finished reading the first three chapters of this book- if you aren’t then a little better equipped to meet life’s situations, then I shall consider this book to be a total failure so far as you are concerned. For “the great aim of education,” said the author, “is not knowledge but action.”

  And this is an action book :)

  ----------------------------------

  readingnote:

  第一大章：怎样赢得朋友

  原则一：永远不要去批评别人

  很精辟，我们应该转换方式，让他们自己发现，或者用一种温和，婉转的方式，反之就算是中肯的批评也是有害无利

  1.ninety-nine times out of a hundred, people don’t criticize themselves for anything, no matter how wrong it may be.

  2.Criticism is futile because it puts a person on the defensive and usually makes him strive to justify himself. Criticism is dangerous, because it wounds a person’s precious pride, hurts his sense of importance, and arouses resentment

    

  3.Let’s realize that the person we are going to correct and condemn will probably justify himself or herself, and condemn us in return or, like the gentle Taft, will say: “I don’t see how I could have done any differently from what I have.

  4.每当我们想要批评别人的时候，想想这句话：“I don’t see how I could have done any differently from what I have”Judge not, that ye be not judged

  5.最真诚的忠告------勿责人，常思已过：Do you know someone you would like to change and regulate and improve? Good! That is fine. I am all in favor of it, But why not begin on yourself? From a purely selfish standpoint, that is a lot more profitable than trying to improve others - yes, and a lot less dangerous. “Don’t complain about the snow on your neighbor’s roof,” said Confucius, “when your own doorstep is unclean.”

  6.每个人都是感性的动物：When dealing with people, let us remember we are not dealing with creatures of logic. We are dealing with creatures of emotion, creatures bristling with prejudices and motivated by pride and vanity.

  7.我们应该做的：Instead of condemning people, let’s try to understand them. Let’s try to figure out why they do what they do. That’s a lot more profitable and intriguing than criticism and it breeds sympathy, tolerance and kindness. “To know all is to forgive all.”

  ------------------------------

  原则二 如何与人打交道---Give honest and sincere appreciation

  1、（有道理！）There is only one way under high heaven to get anybody to do anything. Did you ever stop to think of that? Yes, just one way. And that is by making the other person want to do it. Remember, there is no other way.

  2.每个人都得到赞扬啊：The deepest principle in human nature is the craving to be appreciated.The desire for a feeling of importance is one of the chief distinguishing differences between mankind and the animals

  3. 赞扬和奉承的区别：The difference between appreciation and flattery? That is simple. One is sincere and the other insincere. One comes from the heart out,the other from the teeth out. One is unselfish,the other selfish. One is universally admired, the other universally condemned.

  4.多点发自内心的感激，别吝啬对我们爱的人的赞扬：When we are not engaged in thinking about some definite problem, we usually spend about 95 percent of our time thinking about ourselves. Now, if we stop thinking about ourselves for a while and begin to think of the other person’s good points, we won’t have to resort to flattery so cheap and false that it can be spotted almost before it is out of the mouth

  5. 真的是这样呢：Let’s cease thinking of our accomplishments, our wants. Let’s try to figure out the other person’s good points. Then forget flattery. Give honest, sincere appreciation. Be “hearty in your approbation and lavish in your praise,” and people will cherish your words and treasure them and repeat them over a lifetime -repeat them years after you have forgotten them

  ------------------------------------------

  原则三. 去谈论人家感兴趣的事----Arouse in the other person an eager want

  1.少谈自己，谈大家的兴趣和利益所在：So the only way cm earth to influence other people is to talk about what they want and show them how to get it. Remember that tomorrow when you are trying to get somebody to do something. If, for example, you don’t want your children to smoke, don’t preach at them, and don’t talk about what you want? but show them that cigarettes may keep them from making the basketball team or winning the hundred-yard dash.（销售的人应该学学，学会从他人的角度看问题）

  2.If out of reading this book you get just one thing- an increased tendency to think always in terms of other people’s point of view, and see things from their angle - if you get that one thing out of this book, it may easily prove to be one of the building blocks of your career.

  3、我们的目的不是为了操纵人，而是实现双赢：Looking at the other person’s point of view and arousing in him an eager want for something is not to be construed as manipulating that person so that he will do something that is only for your benefit and his detriment

  ----------------------------------

  第二大章：怎样让人喜欢你

  原则一：Become genuinely interested in other people--对他人感兴趣

  1.If we want to make friends, let’s put ourselves out to do things for other people -things that require time, energy, unselfishness and thoughtfulness

  2.If we want to make friends, let’s greet people with animation and enthusiasm. When somebody calls you on the telephone use the same psychology

  -------------------

  原则二：经常微笑

  1.Actions speak louder than words, and a smile says, “I like you, You make me happy. I am glad to see you.”That is why dogs make such a hit. They are so glad to see us that they almost jump out of their skins. So, naturally, we are glad to see them. A baby’s smile has the same effect

  2.A man without a smiling face must not open a shop.”Your smile is a messenger of your good will. Your smile brightens the lives of all who see it. To someone who has seen a dozen people frown, scowl or turn their faces away, your smile is like the sun breaking through the clouds. Especially when that someone is under pressure from his bosses, his customers, his teachers or parents or children, a smile can help him realize that all is not hopeless -that there is joy in the world.

  --------------------------------

  原则三：记住别人的名字

  Remember that a person’s name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language

  ----------------------

  原则四： 做一个好的听众，让别人去谈论自己（Be a good listener. Encourage others to talk about themselves）

  So if you aspire to be a good conversationalist, be an attentive listener. To be interesting, be interested. Ask questions that other persons will enjoy answering. Encourage them to talk about themselves and their accomplishments.

  Remember that the people you are talking to are a hundred times more interested in themselves and their wants and problems than they are in you and your problems. A person’s toothache means more to that person than a famine in China which kills a million people. A boil on one’s neck interests one more than forty earthquakes in Africa. Think of that the next time you start a conversation

  ---------------------

  原则五：谈别人感兴趣的事（Talk in terms of the other person’s interests. ）

  -----------------------

  原则六：承认对方的优点和对自己的重要性（Make the other person feel important-and do it sincerely）

  The unvarnished truth is that almost all the people you meet feel themselves superior to you in some way, and a sure way to their hearts is to let them realize in some subtle way that you recognize their importance, and recognize it sincerely. Remember what Emerson said: “Every man I meet is my superior in some way. In that, I learn of him.

  -------------------------------

  第三大章：How to Win People to Your Way of Thinking

  原则一：避免和人辩论，因为你永远不会赢---这个，偶觉得还是方式的问题，不过还是尽量避免好了，因为没啥意义啊！：）The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it

  You can’t win an argument. You can’t because if you lose it, you lose it,and if you win it, you lose it. Why?Well, suppose you triumph over the other man and shoot This argument full of holes and prove that he is non compos mentis.Then what? You will feel fine. But what about him? You have made him feel inferior. You have hurt his pride. He will resent your triumph. And A man convinced against his will Is of the same opinion still

  If you argue and rankle and contradict, you may achieve a victory sometimes, but it will be an empty victory because you will never get your opponent’s good wil

  -----------------

  独立一段，关于怎样应对argument的建议：

  一 不同的见解是有益的：Welcome the disagreement. Remember the slogan, “When two partners always agree, one of them is not necessary.” If there is some point you haven’t thought about, be thankful if it is brought to your attention. Perhaps this disagreement is your opportunity to be corrected before you make a serious mistake.

  二：(别相信你的第一直觉印象--适用于异见）Distrust your first instinctive impression. Our first natural reaction in a disagreeable situation is to be defensive. Be careful. Keep calm and watch out for your first reaction. It may be you at your worst, not your best

  三（控制你的脾气）Control your temper. Remember, you can measure the size of a person by what makes him or her angry. Listen first. Give your opponents a chance to talk. Let them finish. Do not resist, defend or debate. This only raises barriers. Try to build bridges of understanding. Don’t build higher barriers of misunderstanding.

  四：求同存异：Look for areas of agreement. When you have heard your opponents out, dwell first on the points and areas on which

  you agree.

  五：诚实： Be honest, Look for areas where you can admit error and say so. Apologize for your mistakes. It will help disarm your

  opponents and reduce defensiveness.

  六：Promise to think over your opponents’ ideas and study them carefully. And mean it. Your opponents may be right. It is a lot easier at this stage to agree to think about their points than to move rapidly ahead and find yourself in a position where your opponents can say: “We tried to tell you, but you wouldn’t listen.”

  七：感谢你的对手：Thank your opponents sincerely for their interest. Anyone who takes the time to disagree with you is interested in the same things you are. Think of them as people who really want to help you, and you may turn your opponents into friends.

  八：给点时间给对方（很重要，很多时候回头看，会觉得当时狠傻，没必要为这问题吵，也从另一方面得出，和人去争论什么，真的没啥意义）Postpone action to give both sides time to think through the problem

  ---------------------------

  原则二：别告诉别人自己比他们要高明

  这段狠有哲理，别证明自己比其他人聪明，就算知道，也别告诉他

  That is a challenge. It arouses opposition and makes the listener want to battle with you before you even start. It is difficult, under even the most benign conditions, to change people’s minds. So why make it harder? Why handicap yourself? If you are going to prove anything, don’t let anybody know it. Do it so subtly, so adroitly, that no one will feel that you are doing it.

  This was expressed succinctly by Alexander Pope: Men must be taught as if you taught them not And things unknown proposed as things forgot.

  Over three hundred years ago Galileo said: You cannot teach a man anything? you can only help him to find it within himself.

  As Lord Chesterfield said to his son: Be wiser than other people if you can? but do not tell them so.

  （勇于承认错误是最对的）You will never get into trouble by admitting that you may be wrong. That will stop all argument and inspire your opponent to be just as fair and open and broad-minded as you are. It will make him want to admit that he, too, may be wrong

  ------------

  原则三：勇于认错

  When we are right, let’s try to win people gently and tactfully to our way of thinking, and when we are wrong and that will be surprisingly often, if we are honest with ourselves - let’s admit our mistakes quickly and with enthusiasm. Not only will that technique produce astonishing results? but, believe it or not, it is a lot more

  fun, under the circumstances, than trying to defend oneself.

  Remember the old proverb: "By fighting you never get enough, but by yielding you get more than you expected.”

  ----------------

  原则四：以友好的方式开始 Begin in a friendly way.

  --------------

  原则五： Get the other person saying “yes, yes”

  ------------------------

  原则六：Let the other person do a great deal of the talking.

  （这里和上面有点重复了，其实这里有很多原则是共通的）

  ----------------

  原则七：Let the other person feel that the idea is his or hers

  卡内基是个中国通，他引用了好多中国古代的谚语和道德经的东西：

  " The reason why rivers and seas receive the homage of a hundred mountain streams is that they keep below them. Thus they are able to reign over all the mountain streams. So the sage, wishing to be above men, put himself below them, wishing to be before them, he put himself behind them. Thus, though his place be above men, they do not feel his weight,though his place be before them, they do not count it an injury.”

  海纳百川，有容乃大

  ------------------------------

  如果仅仅把这书当做是快餐书，励志书，成功学，

  真的很可惜，

  这书流传这么久真有它的道理，一些自以为是的“读书人”可能不屑看这类书，替他们遗憾。

  一本值得反复看的经典之作，最重要是去实践上述的原则，

  要记住：“This is an action book.”

  2012.2.3

  By Hammer